Genetic divergence and one-way gene flow influence contemporary evolution and ecology of a partially migratory fish

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Katie M. Kobayashi, Rosealea M. Bond, Kerry Reid, J. Carlos Garza, Joseph D. Kiernan, Eric P. Palkovacs
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Abstract

Recent work has revealed the importance of contemporary evolution in shaping ecological outcomes. In particular, rapid evolutionary divergence between populations has been shown to impact the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems. While studies have focused largely on the role of adaptive divergence in generating ecologically important variation among populations, much less is known about the role of gene flow in shaping ecological outcomes. After divergence, populations may continue to interact through gene flow, which may influence evolutionary and ecological processes. Here, we investigate the role of gene flow in shaping the contemporary evolution and ecology of recently diverged populations of anadromous steelhead and resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results show that resident rainbow trout introduced above waterfalls have diverged evolutionarily from downstream anadromous steelhead, which were the source of introductions. However, the movement of fish from above to below the waterfalls has facilitated gene flow, which has reshaped genetic and phenotypic variation in the anadromous source population. In particular, gene flow has led to an increased frequency of residency, which in turn has altered population density, size structure, and sex ratio. This result establishes gene flow as a contemporary evolutionary process that can have important ecological outcomes. From a management perspective, anadromous steelhead are generally regarded as a higher conservation priority than resident rainbow trout, even when found within the same watershed. Our results show that anadromous and resident O. mykiss populations may be connected via gene flow, with important ecological consequences. Such eco-evolutionary processes should be considered when managing recently diverged populations connected by gene flow.

Abstract Image

基因分化和单向基因流动影响部分洄游鱼类的当代进化和生态学
最近的研究揭示了当代进化在塑造生态结果方面的重要性。特别是,种群之间的快速进化分化已被证明会影响种群、群落和生态系统的生态学。研究主要集中于适应性分化在种群间产生重要生态变异方面的作用,但对基因流在塑造生态结果方面的作用却知之甚少。在分化之后,种群可能会继续通过基因流进行互动,这可能会影响进化和生态过程。在这里,我们研究了基因流在塑造溯河钢鳟鱼和虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)新近分化的种群的当代进化和生态中的作用。研究结果表明,从瀑布上方引入的虹鳟鱼在进化过程中与下游的溯河钢鳟鱼发生了分化,而后者是溯河钢鳟鱼的引入源。然而,鱼类从瀑布上方向下方的移动促进了基因流动,从而重塑了溯河源种群的遗传和表型变异。尤其是,基因流动导致了居住频率的增加,进而改变了种群密度、大小结构和性别比例。这一结果证明,基因流是一种当代进化过程,会产生重要的生态结果。从管理的角度来看,溯河钢鳟鱼通常被视为比常住虹鳟鱼更需要优先保护的物种,即使在同一流域内也是如此。我们的研究结果表明,溯河洄游种群和常住种群可能通过基因流连接在一起,从而产生重要的生态后果。在管理通过基因流连接起来的新近分化的种群时,应考虑这种生态进化过程。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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