Object Recognition Memory Deficits in ADHD: A Meta-analysis.

IF 5.4 2区 心理学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Francisco José Lobato-Camacho, Luís Faísca
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Abstract

Object recognition memory allows us to identify previously seen objects. This type of declarative memory is a primary process for learning. Despite its crucial role in everyday life, object recognition has received far less attention in ADHD research compared to verbal recognition memory. In addition to the existence of a small number of published studies, the results have been inconsistent, possibly due to the diversity of tasks used to assess recognition memory. In the present meta-analysis, we have collected studies from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases up to May 2023. We have compiled studies that assessed visual object recognition memory with specific visual recognition tests (sample-match delayed tasks) in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. A total of 28 studies with 1619 participants diagnosed with ADHD were included. The studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Quadas-2 tool and for each study, Cohen's d was calculated to estimate the magnitude of the difference in performance between groups. As a main result, we have found a worse recognition memory performance in ADHD participants when compared to their matched controls (overall Cohen's d ~ 0.492). We also observed greater heterogeneity in the magnitude of this deficit among medicated participants compared to non-medicated individuals, as well as a smaller deficit in studies with a higher proportion of female participants. The magnitude of the object recognition memory impairment in ADHD also seems to depend on the assessment method used.

Abstract Image

多动症的物体识别记忆缺陷:元分析
物体识别记忆可以让我们识别以前看到过的物体。这种陈述性记忆是学习的主要过程。尽管物体识别记忆在日常生活中起着至关重要的作用,但与言语识别记忆相比,物体识别记忆在多动症研究中受到的关注要少得多。除了已发表的研究数量较少外,研究结果也不一致,这可能是由于用于评估识别记忆的任务多种多样。在本荟萃分析中,我们从 Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中收集了截至 2023 年 5 月的研究。我们汇编了通过特定视觉识别测试(样本匹配延迟任务)评估被诊断为多动症的儿童和青少年的视觉对象识别记忆的研究。共纳入 28 项研究,涉及 1619 名确诊为多动症的参与者。我们使用 Quadas-2 工具对这些研究进行了偏倚风险评估,并对每项研究计算了 Cohen's d,以估计组间成绩差异的大小。主要结果是,我们发现与匹配的对照组相比,ADHD 患者的识别记忆能力更差(总体 Cohen's d ~ 0.492)。我们还观察到,与未服药者相比,服药者的识别记忆能力差异更大,女性参与者比例较高的研究中,识别记忆能力差异较小。多动症患者物体识别记忆障碍的程度似乎还取决于所使用的评估方法。
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来源期刊
Neuropsychology Review
Neuropsychology Review 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
1.70%
发文量
36
期刊介绍: Neuropsychology Review is a quarterly, refereed publication devoted to integrative review papers on substantive content areas in neuropsychology, with particular focus on populations with endogenous or acquired conditions affecting brain and function and on translational research providing a mechanistic understanding of clinical problems. Publication of new data is not the purview of the journal. Articles are written by international specialists in the field, discussing such complex issues as distinctive functional features of central nervous system disease and injury; challenges in early diagnosis; the impact of genes and environment on function; risk factors for functional impairment; treatment efficacy of neuropsychological rehabilitation; the role of neuroimaging, neuroelectrophysiology, and other neurometric modalities in explicating function; clinical trial design; neuropsychological function and its substrates characteristic of normal development and aging; and neuropsychological dysfunction and its substrates in neurological, psychiatric, and medical conditions. The journal''s broad perspective is supported by an outstanding, multidisciplinary editorial review board guided by the aim to provide students and professionals, clinicians and researchers with scholarly articles that critically and objectively summarize and synthesize the strengths and weaknesses in the literature and propose novel hypotheses, methods of analysis, and links to other fields.
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