Physical exercise restores adult neurogenesis deficits induced by simulated microgravity.

IF 4.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Alexandra Gros, Fandilla Marie Furlan, Vanessa Rouglan, Alexandre Favereaux, Bruno Bontempi, Jean-Luc Morel
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Abstract

Cognitive impairments have been reported in astronauts during spaceflights and documented in ground-based models of simulated microgravity (SMG) in animals. However, the neuronal causes of these behavioral effects remain largely unknown. We explored whether adult neurogenesis, known to be a crucial plasticity mechanism supporting memory processes, is altered by SMG. Adult male Long-Evans rats were submitted to the hindlimb unloading model of SMG. We studied the proliferation, survival and maturation of newborn cells in the following neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ)/olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, at different delays following various periods of SMG. SMG exposure for 7 days, but not shorter periods of 6 or 24 h, resulted in a decrease of newborn cell proliferation restricted to the DG. SMG also induced a decrease in short-term (7 days), but not long-term (21 days), survival of newborn cells in the SVZ/OB and DG. Physical exercise, used as a countermeasure, was able to reverse the decrease in newborn cell survival observed in the SVZ and DG. In addition, depending on the duration of SMG periods, transcriptomic analysis revealed modifications in gene expression involved in neurogenesis. These findings highlight the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to gravitational environmental factors during a transient period, suggesting that there is a period of adaptation of physiological systems to this new environment.

体育锻炼可恢复模拟微重力导致的成人神经发生缺陷。
据报道,宇航员在太空飞行期间会出现认知障碍,模拟微重力(SMG)地面动物模型中也有相关记录。然而,这些行为影响的神经元原因在很大程度上仍然未知。成体神经发生是支持记忆过程的重要可塑性机制,我们探讨了成体神经发生是否会因模拟微重力而改变。成年雄性 Long-Evans 大鼠被置于 SMG 后肢卸载模型中。我们研究了以下神经源龛(室下区(SVZ)/嗅球(OB)和海马齿状回(DG))中新生细胞的增殖、存活和成熟情况。SMG暴露7天(而不是更短的6或24小时)导致新生细胞增殖减少,仅限于DG。SMG还诱导了SVZ/OB和DG中新生细胞短期(7天)存活率的下降,而不是长期(21天)存活率的下降。作为一种对策,体育锻炼能够逆转在 SVZ 和 DG 观察到的新生细胞存活率下降。此外,根据SMG持续时间的长短,转录组分析揭示了神经发生相关基因表达的变化。这些发现凸显了成年神经发生在短暂时期对重力环境因素的敏感性,表明生理系统对这种新环境有一个适应期。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
npj Microgravity
npj Microgravity Physics and Astronomy-Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
7.80%
发文量
50
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: A new open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal, npj Microgravity is dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms.
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