J. Kim , S.E. Russek , K.F. Stupic , C.M. Stoffer , K.E. Keenan , D. Rutkowski , J. Kammerman , J.H. Brittain , X. Li
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Quantitative MRI (qMRI) relaxometry is widely investigated to probe tissue compositional changes at early stages of diseases. T1, T2, and T1rho have been studied to detect early cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). Due to its quantitative nature, standardization of measurement and quality assurance of qMRI are crucial when interpreting findings from patients, especially in multi-site and multi-vendor trials. However, no dedicated musculoskeletal (MSK) relaxometry phantoms are commercially available to assist the process.
OBJECTIVE
Develop a dedicated MSK relaxometry phantom for quality assurance of articular cartilage T1, T2 and T1rho measures, with a focus on the knee joint.
METHODS
The Musculoskeletal Relaxometry Phantom prototype (Calimetrix, Madison, WI) is composed of a cylindrical phantom housing filled with a doped water solution and designed to have the following attributes: 1) 12 vials with gels and chemicals that mimic T1, T2, and T1rho relaxation times of articular cartilage (T2/T1rho: 10-100ms; T1: 300, 700, 1200ms) with NMR measurements by NIST for reference; 2) compatibility with commonly used knee coils with customized stands for reproducible positioning; and 3) NIST-traceable analog MR-compatible MR-visible thermometer for temperature measurements. For evaluation, MRI measurements were performed with two 3T scanners with knee coils (Siemens Prisma and GE Healthcare SIGNA Premier) using 2D inversion-recovery spin-echo T1, 2D single-echo spin-echo T2, 3D magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient echo snapshots (MAPSS) T1rho and T2. Validated NMR measurements were provided by NIST using a 3T system (Tecmag Redstone with Doty Scientific 5mm probe).
RESULTS
All MRI measurements were longitudinally stable with 1-2% coefficients of variation (CVs) over an 8-month period. 13 phantoms created in two batches demonstrated high within-batch and cross-batch consistency with less than 1% CV for relaxation time measures. T1/T2 of two vendors had less than 2% CV.
CONCLUSION
A stable MSK relaxometry phantom prototype was successfully developed and characterized, including changes with temperature. This phantom will facilitate the use of quantitative relaxometry MRI in large-scale multi-site, multi-vendor trials, and the clinical translation of qMRI.
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