Early adolescent perceived friendship quality aids affective and neural responses to social inclusion and exclusion in young adults with and without adverse childhood experiences.

Maria R Dauvermann, Laura Moreno-Lopéz, Benedetta Vai, Nadia González-García, Sofia Orellana, Peter B Jones, Ed Bullmore, Ian M Goodyer, Anne-Laura van Harmelen
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Abstract

Friendships increase mental wellbeing and resilient functioning in young people with childhood adversity (CA). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown. We examined the relationship between perceived friendship quality at age 14 after the experience of CA and reduced affective and neural responses to social exclusion at age 24. Resilient functioning was quantified as psychosocial functioning relative to the degree of CA severity in 310 participants at age 24. From this cohort, 62 young people with and without CA underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess brain responses to social inclusion and exclusion. We observed that good friendship quality was significantly associated with better resilient functioning. Both friendship quality and resilient functioning were related to increased affective responses to social inclusion. We also found that friendship quality, but not resilient functioning, was associated with increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex responses to peer exclusion. Our findings suggest that friendship quality in early adolescence may contribute to the evaluation of social inclusion by increasing affective sensitivity to positive social experiences and increased brain activity in regions involved in emotion regulation to negative social experiences. Future research is needed to clarify this relationship with resilient functioning in early adulthood.

有或没有不良童年经历的青少年早期感知到的友谊质量有助于他们对社会包容和排斥的情感和神经反应。
友谊能提高童年逆境(CA)青少年的心理健康水平和复原功能。然而,这种关系的机制尚不清楚。我们研究了 14 岁时经历过童年逆境的青少年感知到的友谊质量与 24 岁时对社会排斥的情感和神经反应减少之间的关系。复原功能被量化为 310 名参与者 24 岁时相对于 CA 严重程度的社会心理功能。在这一群体中,62名患有和未患有CA的年轻人接受了功能性磁共振成像,以评估大脑对社会包容和排斥的反应。我们观察到,良好的友谊质量与较好的复原功能有显著关联。友谊质量和复原功能都与对社会包容的情感反应增加有关。我们还发现,友谊质量(而非复原功能)与背内侧前额叶皮层对同伴排斥反应的增加有关。我们的研究结果表明,青春期早期的友谊质量可能会通过提高对积极社会经历的情感敏感性,以及增加大脑中涉及对消极社会经历进行情感调节的区域的活动,来促进对社会包容的评估。未来的研究需要阐明这种关系与成年早期的复原功能之间的关系。
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