Differential structure and immunomodulatory functions of lipophosphoglycan between Leishmania spp

IF 3.3 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunology letters Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106885

Lisa U. Teufel, Leo A.B. Joosten, Jéssica C. dos Santos

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a collective term for several tropical, neglected diseases caused by protozoans of the species Leishmania, 20 of which causing disease in humans ranging from localised self-healing lesions to chronic manifestations which affect the skin or inner organs. Although millions of infections are accounted for annually, treatment options are scarce and limited to medication associated with heavy side-effects and increasing antibiotic resistance. Case studies point towards immunotherapy as effective alternative treatment relying on immunomodulatory properties of e.g., the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Leishmania parasites are also known to modulate the immune system, yet the underlying macromolecules and surface molecules remain widely under characterised. With this short review, we aim to provide a complete summary of the existing literature describing one of the most expressed surface molecule on Leishmania spp, lipophosphoglycan (LPG), which shows great variability between different lifecycle stages and different Leishmania spp. Complete characterisation of LPG may aid to improve treatment and aid the development of vaccination strategies, and open new avenues to exploit the immunomodulatory properties of LPG in unrelated conditions.

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利什曼原虫脂磷聚糖的结构和免疫调节功能差异

利什曼病是由利什曼原虫引起的几种被忽视的热带疾病的统称，其中 20 种原虫可引起人类疾病，从局部自愈性病变到影响皮肤或内脏的慢性病变。虽然每年有数百万人感染利什曼病，但治疗方法却很少，而且仅限于药物治疗，副作用大，抗生素耐药性不断增加。案例研究表明，免疫疗法是一种有效的替代治疗方法，它依赖于卡介苗等疫苗的免疫调节特性。已知利什曼原虫也能调节免疫系统，但对其基本大分子和表面分子的研究仍然普遍不足。通过这篇简短的综述，我们旨在对描述利什曼原虫表达最多的表面分子之一--脂磷聚糖（LPG）的现有文献进行全面总结。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Immunology letters 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： Immunology Letters provides a vehicle for the speedy publication of experimental papers, (mini)Reviews and Letters to the Editor addressing all aspects of molecular and cellular immunology. The essential criteria for publication will be clarity, experimental soundness and novelty. Results contradictory to current accepted thinking or ideas divergent from actual dogmas will be considered for publication provided that they are based on solid experimental findings. Preference will be given to papers of immediate importance to other investigators, either by their experimental data, new ideas or new methodology. Scientific correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief related to the published papers may also be accepted provided that they are short and scientifically relevant to the papers mentioned, in order to provide a continuing forum for discussion.