Effects of immune exhaustion and senescence of innate immunity in autoimmune disorders.

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-06-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1590/1414-431X2024e13225

A L S Cunha, S F Perazzio

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Innate immune system activation is crucial in the inflammatory response, but uncontrolled activation can lead to autoimmune diseases. Cellular exhaustion and senescence are two processes that contribute to innate immune tolerance breakdown. Exhausted immune cells are unable to respond adequately to specific antigens or stimuli, while senescent cells have impaired DNA replication and metabolic changes. These processes can impair immune system function and disrupt homeostasis, leading to the emergence of autoimmunity. However, the influence of innate immune exhaustion and senescence on autoimmune disorders is not well understood. This review aims to describe the current findings on the role of innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity, focusing on the cellular and molecular changes involved in each process. Specifically, the article explores the markers and pathways associated with immune exhaustion, such as PD-1 and TIM-3, and senescence, including Β-galactosidase (β-GAL), lamin B1, and p16ink4a, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, namely type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and immune-mediated myopathies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity may provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

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免疫衰竭和先天免疫衰老对自身免疫性疾病的影响。

先天性免疫系统的激活在炎症反应中至关重要，但失控的激活会导致自身免疫性疾病。细胞衰竭和衰老是导致先天性免疫耐受性崩溃的两个过程。衰竭的免疫细胞无法对特定抗原或刺激做出充分反应，而衰老的细胞则会出现 DNA 复制受损和新陈代谢变化。这些过程会损害免疫系统功能，破坏体内平衡，导致自身免疫的出现。然而，人们对先天性免疫衰竭和衰老对自身免疫性疾病的影响还不甚了解。本综述旨在描述目前关于先天性免疫衰竭和衰老在自身免疫中的作用的研究结果，重点关注每个过程中涉及的细胞和分子变化。具体来说，文章探讨了与免疫衰竭相关的标志物和通路，如 PD-1 和 TIM-3，以及衰老，包括Β-半乳糖苷酶（β-GAL）、层粘连蛋白 B1 和 p16ink4a，以及它们对自身免疫性疾病（即 1 型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和免疫介导的肌病）的影响。了解自身免疫疾病中先天性免疫衰竭和衰老的内在机制可为开发新型治疗策略提供启示。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.