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Abstract

Indoor photovoltaics suffer from non-radiative recombination and parasitic leakage current especially due to low carrier density. Incorporating a porous alumina interlayer in perovskite photovoltaics mitigates non-radiative recombination and parasitic leakage current, enhancing efficiency under low-light indoor conditions. This strategy is demonstrated in large-area modules at 23.03 cm², achieving 33.5% efficiency and 107.3 µW/cm² power density under LED 1000 lux.