Decarbonization pathways in Brazilian maritime cabotage: A comparative analysis of very low sulfur fuel oil, marine diesel oil, and hydrogenated vegetable oil in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions

Abstract

This study evaluates the decarbonization potential within Brazilian maritime cabotage by comparing carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from conventional fuels - specifically, Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil and Marine Diesel Oil - with those from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil. Utilizing a life cycle assessment approach alongside a mathematical model based on operational schedules from four leading Brazilian maritime cabotage companies in the container sector, this research quantifies the environmental benefits of switching fuels. The results demonstrate that transitioning to Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil could significantly reduce annual emissions, from 1395,466 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent to 343,950 tons, amounting to a 75.4 % decrease. This noticeable decrease underscores the critical importance and viability of incorporating hydrogenated vegetable oil into the maritime sector's fuel mix as part of Brazil's broader decarbonization strategy. This research highlights the need for strategic policy reforms and strengthened collaboration across sectors to advance Brazil's maritime sustainability efforts.