Bioconcentration of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Precursors in Fathead Minnow Tissues Environmentally Exposed to Aqueous Film-Forming Foam–Contaminated Waters

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI:10.1002/etc.5926

Nicholas I. Hill, Jitka Becanova, Simon Vojta, Larry B. Barber, Denis R. LeBlanc, Alan M. Vajda, Heidi M. Pickard, Rainer Lohmann

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Abstract

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with toxicity in wildlife and negative health effects in humans. Decades of fire training activity at Joint Base Cape Cod (MA, USA) incorporated the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), which resulted in long-term PFAS contamination of sediments, groundwater, and hydrologically connected surface waters. To explore the bioconcentration potential of PFAS in complex environmental mixtures, a mobile laboratory was established to evaluate the bioconcentration of PFAS from AFFF-impacted groundwater by flow-through design. Fathead minnows (n = 24) were exposed to PFAS in groundwater over a 21-day period and tissue-specific PFAS burdens in liver, kidney, and gonad were derived at three different time points. The ∑PFAS concentrations in groundwater increased from approximately 10,000 ng/L at day 1 to 36,000 ng/L at day 21. The relative abundance of PFAS in liver, kidney, and gonad shifted temporally from majority perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs) to perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs). By day 21, mean ∑PFAS concentrations in tissues displayed a predominance in the order of liver > kidney > gonad. Generally, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for FASAs, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTS) increased with degree of fluorinated carbon chain length, but this was not evident for PFSAs. Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) displayed the highest mean BCF (8700 L/kg) in day 21 kidney. Suspect screening results revealed the presence of several perfluoroalkyl sulfinate and FASA compounds present in groundwater and in liver for which pseudo-bioconcentration factors are also reported. The bioconcentration observed for precursor compounds and PFSA derivatives detected suggests alternative pathways for terminal PFAS exposure in aquatic wildlife and humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1795–1806. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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全氟和多氟烷基物质及前体在暴露于水成膜泡沫污染水域环境中的黑头鲦鱼组织中的生物浓缩。

接触全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 与野生动物的毒性和人类的负面健康影响有关。科德角联合基地（美国马萨诸塞州）数十年的消防训练活动中使用了水成膜泡沫 (AFFF)，导致沉积物、地下水和水文相连的地表水长期受到 PFAS 污染。为了探索复杂环境混合物中 PFAS 的生物浓缩潜力，我们建立了一个移动实验室，通过流动设计来评估受 AFFF 影响的地下水中 PFAS 的生物浓缩情况。黑头鲦鱼（n = 24）暴露于地下水中的全氟辛烷磺酸 21 天，在三个不同的时间点测定肝脏、肾脏和性腺中特定组织的全氟辛烷磺酸负担。地下水中的∑PFAS 浓度从第 1 天的约 10,000 纳克/升增加到第 21 天的 36,000 纳克/升。肝脏、肾脏和性腺中 PFAS 的相对丰度在时间上发生了变化，从以全氟烷基磺酰胺类化合物（FASAs）为主转变为以全氟烷基磺酸盐类化合物（PFSAs）为主。到第 21 天，组织中的∑PFAS 平均浓度显示出肝脏 > 肾脏 > 性腺的主要顺序。一般来说，FASAs、全氟烷基羧酸盐（PFCAs）和氟橡胶磺酸盐（FTS）的生物浓缩系数（BCFs）会随着氟化碳链长度的增加而增加，但全氟辛烷磺酸的生物浓缩系数并不明显。全氟辛烷磺酰胺（FOSA）在第 21 天肾脏中的平均生物浓缩系数（8700 升/千克）最高。疑似筛选结果显示，地下水和肝脏中存在多种全氟烷基亚磺酸盐和 FASA 化合物，并报告了这些化合物的假生物浓缩系数。观察到的前体化合物和检测到的全氟辛烷磺酸衍生物的生物浓缩表明，水生野生动物和人类接触全氟辛烷磺酸的最终途径有多种选择。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-12。© 2024 The Author(s).环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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