{"title":"Phytoremediation: An eco-friendly approach for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils-A comprehensive review","authors":"M.B. Lavanya , D.S. Viswanath , P.V. Sivapullaiah","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.100975","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The non-biodegradability of heavy metals makes them a serious environmental hazard. Heavy metal pollution in soil is caused by both natural and human activities. Such pollution impairs agricultural productivity and food security, interferes with microbial activity, and affects soil fertility. Research shows that <em>Noccaea caerulescens</em> has the capacity to accumulate up to 30,000 ppm, indicating the potential use of hyperaccumulators in metal remediation. Conventional methods of treating soils contaminated with heavy metals are frequently costly, time-consuming, and detrimental to the environment. Utilizing particular plant species to absorb and stabilize pollutants, phytoremediation is emerging as a successful and sustainable method. The numerous phytoremediation techniques and their uses in treating heavy metal-contaminated soils are thoroughly examined in this review, with an emphasis on the benefits, drawbacks, and potential for widespread application of each technique. Additionally, a comparative examination of several phytoremediation methods, including phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytofiltration, and phytoextraction, showed a number of benefits in terms of affordability, user-friendliness, and environmental compatibility. This comprehensive review describes the variables that affect phytoremediation, such as plant physiology, metal speciation, soil pH, and climate. The field of nano-phytoremediation has explored opportunities to improve phytoremediation’s molecular efficiency. In numerous studies, the effectiveness of methods like phytostabilization, rhizodegradation, and phytovolatilization in lowering heavy metal concentrations has been demonstrated to reach up to 80 %. In order to increase phytoremediation’s effectiveness in addressing environmental pollution, this review emphasizes the significance of incorporating novel techniques and taking a variety of environmental factors into account.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215153224000631","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The non-biodegradability of heavy metals makes them a serious environmental hazard. Heavy metal pollution in soil is caused by both natural and human activities. Such pollution impairs agricultural productivity and food security, interferes with microbial activity, and affects soil fertility. Research shows that Noccaea caerulescens has the capacity to accumulate up to 30,000 ppm, indicating the potential use of hyperaccumulators in metal remediation. Conventional methods of treating soils contaminated with heavy metals are frequently costly, time-consuming, and detrimental to the environment. Utilizing particular plant species to absorb and stabilize pollutants, phytoremediation is emerging as a successful and sustainable method. The numerous phytoremediation techniques and their uses in treating heavy metal-contaminated soils are thoroughly examined in this review, with an emphasis on the benefits, drawbacks, and potential for widespread application of each technique. Additionally, a comparative examination of several phytoremediation methods, including phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytofiltration, and phytoextraction, showed a number of benefits in terms of affordability, user-friendliness, and environmental compatibility. This comprehensive review describes the variables that affect phytoremediation, such as plant physiology, metal speciation, soil pH, and climate. The field of nano-phytoremediation has explored opportunities to improve phytoremediation’s molecular efficiency. In numerous studies, the effectiveness of methods like phytostabilization, rhizodegradation, and phytovolatilization in lowering heavy metal concentrations has been demonstrated to reach up to 80 %. In order to increase phytoremediation’s effectiveness in addressing environmental pollution, this review emphasizes the significance of incorporating novel techniques and taking a variety of environmental factors into account.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management is a journal devoted to the publication of peer reviewed original research on environmental nanotechnologies, monitoring studies and management for water, soil , waste and human health samples. Critical review articles, short communications and scientific policy briefs are also welcome. The journal will include all environmental matrices except air. Nanomaterials were suggested as efficient cost-effective and environmental friendly alternative to existing treatment materials, from the standpoints of both resource conservation and environmental remediation. The journal aims to receive papers in the field of nanotechnology covering; Developments of new nanosorbents for: •Groundwater, drinking water and wastewater treatment •Remediation of contaminated sites •Assessment of novel nanotechnologies including sustainability and life cycle implications Monitoring and Management papers should cover the fields of: •Novel analytical methods applied to environmental and health samples •Fate and transport of pollutants in the environment •Case studies covering environmental monitoring and public health •Water and soil prevention and legislation •Industrial and hazardous waste- legislation, characterisation, management practices, minimization, treatment and disposal •Environmental management and remediation
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