Concentrations, spatial distribution, and human exposure of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in indoor dust from ten provinces in China

IF 5.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Xueyu Weng , Wanyi Wang , Qingqing Zhu , Chunyang Liao , Guibin Jiang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics. However, human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems. In this study, 226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China, and six SPAs (three parent SPAs and their three transformation products) were analyzed. The concentrations of ∑6SPAs (the sum of six target compounds) ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g (geometric mean (GM): 169 ng/g). The highest concentration of ∑6SPAs was found in Sichuan Province (GM: 349 ng/g), which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province (81.6 ng/g) (p < 0.05). The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,2′-methylene bis (4-methyl-6‑tert-butylphenol) (AO2246), 2,6-di‑tert‑butyl‑1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q), 2,6-di‑tert‑butyl‑4-(hydroxymethyl) phenol (BHT-OH), and ∑p-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas (p < 0.05). AO2246 concentration in dust from homes (GM: 0.400 ng/g) was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces (0.116 ng/g) (p < 0.01). Significantly higher ∑p-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes (GM: 17.5 ng/g) than workplaces (11.4 ng/g) (p < 0.01). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ∑6SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582, 0.342, 0.197, 0.076, and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups, and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358, 0.252, 0.174, 0.167, and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day. EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age. This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from 10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.

Abstract Image

中国十个省份室内灰尘中合成酚类抗氧化剂的浓度、空间分布和人体暴露情况
合成酚类抗氧化剂(SPA)因其卓越的抗氧化特性而被广泛应用于各行各业。然而,人类接触合成酚类抗氧化剂可能会导致健康问题。本研究从中国 10 个省份采集了 226 份粉尘样本,分析了 6 种 SPA(3 种母体 SPA 及其 3 种转化产物)。∑6SPA(六种目标化合物的总和)的浓度范围为 15.4 至 3210 纳克/克(几何平均(GM):169 纳克/克)。四川省的∑6SPAs 浓度最高(几何平均值:349 纳克/克),约为湖北省(81.6 纳克/克)的 4 倍(p < 0.05)。城市粉尘中丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(AO2246)、2,6-二叔丁基-1,4-苯醌(BHT-Q)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-(羟甲基)苯酚(BHT-OH)和∑p-SPAs 的浓度大大高于农村地区(p < 0.05).家庭灰尘中的 AO2246 浓度(GM:0.400 ng/g)是工作场所灰尘中 AO2246 浓度(0.116 ng/g)的约 4 倍(p < 0.01)。家庭灰尘(GM:17.5 纳克/克)中的∑p-SPAs 浓度明显高于工作场所(11.4 纳克/克)(p < 0.01)。在不同年龄组别中,通过摄入粉尘接触到的∑6SPA 的估计日摄入量分别为 0.582、0.342、0.197、0.076 和 0.080 纳克/千克体重/天,通过皮肤接触接触到的∑6SPA 的估计日摄入量分别为 0.358、0.252、0.174、0.167 和 0.177 纳克/千克体重/天。环境指数表明,暴露于 SPAs 的风险随着年龄的增长而降低。这是首次对中国 10 个省份的粉尘中的 SPAs 进行测定,并研究这些地区 SPAs 的空间分布。
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来源期刊
Journal of Environmental Sciences-china
Journal of Environmental Sciences-china 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
13.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6354
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Environmental Sciences is an international journal started in 1989. The journal is devoted to publish original, peer-reviewed research papers on main aspects of environmental sciences, such as environmental chemistry, environmental biology, ecology, geosciences and environmental physics. Appropriate subjects include basic and applied research on atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environments, pollution control and abatement technology, conservation of natural resources, environmental health and toxicology. Announcements of international environmental science meetings and other recent information are also included.
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