Investigating the convective transport possibilities of lower-atmospheric pollutants to the UTLS region using rainwater and aerosol chemical characterization

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Chaithanya D. Jain, Shaik Darga Saheb, Shamitaksha Talukdar, B.L. Madhavan, Ghouse Basha, M. Venkat Ratnam
{"title":"Investigating the convective transport possibilities of lower-atmospheric pollutants to the UTLS region using rainwater and aerosol chemical characterization","authors":"Chaithanya D. Jain,&nbsp;Shaik Darga Saheb,&nbsp;Shamitaksha Talukdar,&nbsp;B.L. Madhavan,&nbsp;Ghouse Basha,&nbsp;M. Venkat Ratnam","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2024.102225","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various attempts using different platforms to understand the chemical composition of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) have concluded that it primarily consists of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) aerosols. Recent in-situ measurements from aircraft flying through ATAL have suggested that ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) pollution from Asia could serve as the precursor for nitrate aerosols in ATAL through gas-to-particle formation after undergoing convective uplift to the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) regions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential pathways of convective transport of lower-atmospheric pollutants by analysing the chemical composition of rainwater and aerosols in a highly convective region, Kolkata (Head Bay of Bengal), India. We utilized the PILS-IC system established at Kolkata Camp Observatory of the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (KCON). The analysis revealed a significant dominance of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ions in both rainwater and aerosol samples during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, with the dominance increasing during the post-monsoon season. Air mass trajectories indicated a clear influence of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region during the post-monsoon season, which is well-known for its dense agricultural activities and industries. High concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub> even at higher altitudes, have been observed in Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements. Moreover, using Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and vertical wind as proxies for tropical deep convection and updrafts/downdrafts, respectively, we found evidence supporting the possibility of convective transport of these lower-atmospheric pollutants to the UTLS regions during the monsoon season. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the potential convective transport of lower-atmospheric pollutants, including NH<sub>3</sub> and other precursor gases, to higher levels. These pollutants could partially serve as the source of nitrate aerosols in the ATAL through gas-to-particle formation processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"15 9","pages":"Article 102225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1309104224001909","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Various attempts using different platforms to understand the chemical composition of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) have concluded that it primarily consists of nitrate (NO3) aerosols. Recent in-situ measurements from aircraft flying through ATAL have suggested that ammonia (NH3) pollution from Asia could serve as the precursor for nitrate aerosols in ATAL through gas-to-particle formation after undergoing convective uplift to the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) regions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential pathways of convective transport of lower-atmospheric pollutants by analysing the chemical composition of rainwater and aerosols in a highly convective region, Kolkata (Head Bay of Bengal), India. We utilized the PILS-IC system established at Kolkata Camp Observatory of the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (KCON). The analysis revealed a significant dominance of NH4+ and NO3 ions in both rainwater and aerosol samples during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, with the dominance increasing during the post-monsoon season. Air mass trajectories indicated a clear influence of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region during the post-monsoon season, which is well-known for its dense agricultural activities and industries. High concentrations of NH3 even at higher altitudes, have been observed in Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements. Moreover, using Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and vertical wind as proxies for tropical deep convection and updrafts/downdrafts, respectively, we found evidence supporting the possibility of convective transport of these lower-atmospheric pollutants to the UTLS regions during the monsoon season. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the potential convective transport of lower-atmospheric pollutants, including NH3 and other precursor gases, to higher levels. These pollutants could partially serve as the source of nitrate aerosols in the ATAL through gas-to-particle formation processes.

Abstract Image

利用雨水和气溶胶化学特征研究低大气污染物向UTLS地区对流输送的可能性
利用不同平台了解亚洲对流层顶气溶胶层(ATAL)化学成分的各种尝试得出的结论是,它主要由硝酸盐(NO3-)气溶胶组成。最近从飞经 ATAL 的飞机上进行的现场测量表明,来自亚洲的氨(NH3)污染可能是 ATAL 中硝酸盐气溶胶的前体,在对流上升到对流层上部和同温层下部(UTLS)区域后,通过气体到粒子的形成而形成。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过分析印度加尔各答(孟加拉湾源头)这一高度对流地区的雨水和气溶胶的化学成分,研究对流输送低层大气污染物的潜在途径。我们利用了国家大气研究实验室加尔各答营地观测站(KCON)建立的 PILS-IC 系统。分析表明,在季风季节和季风后季节,雨水和气溶胶样本中的 NH4+ 和 NO3- 离子明显占优势,季风后季节的优势更大。气团轨迹显示,印度-甘肃平原(IGP)地区在季风后季节受到明显影响,该地区以农业活动和工业密集而闻名。大气红外探测仪(AIRS)的测量结果表明,即使在较高海拔地区,NH3 的浓度也很高。此外,利用外向长波辐射(OLR)和垂直风分别作为热带深层对流和上升/下降气流的代用指标,我们发现有证据支持这些低层大气污染物在季风季节对流输送到 UTLS 地区的可能性。总之,这项研究为低层大气污染物(包括 NH3 和其他前体气体)可能通过对流输送到高层大气提供了证据。这些污染物可能通过气体到粒子的形成过程,部分成为 ATAL 中硝酸盐气溶胶的来源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Atmospheric Pollution Research
Atmospheric Pollution Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
6.70%
发文量
256
审稿时长
36 days
期刊介绍: Atmospheric Pollution Research (APR) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution. Papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales. Areas covered are research on inorganic, organic, and persistent organic air pollutants, air quality monitoring, air quality management, atmospheric dispersion and transport, air-surface (soil, water, and vegetation) exchange of pollutants, dry and wet deposition, indoor air quality, exposure assessment, health effects, satellite measurements, natural emissions, atmospheric chemistry, greenhouse gases, and effects on climate change.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信