Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) detected in wild carnivores from Texas, United States

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100954

Rafael A.N. Ramos , Hassan Hakimi , Jordan Salomon , Rachel E. Busselman , Rachel Curtis-Robles , Carolyn L. Hodo , Sarah A. Hamer , Guilherme G. Verocai

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Abstract

Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) are epidemiologically important filarial nematodes detected in wild carnivores sympatric to domestic animals and humans. In this study we surveyed for Dirofilaria species among previous studies archived blood samples (n = 202) of wild carnivores sourced across Texas between the years of 2014–2016 and 2020 to 2023. In total, 117 coyotes (Canis latrans), 67 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 12 gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), five bobcats (Lynx rufus), and one striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) were tested through the amplification of the partial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) gene followed by sequencing. Dirofilaria immitis was detected in 11.39% (95% CI = 7.71–16.51) of the samples (21 coyotes and two raccoons), while D. striata was detected in a single bobcat. Dirofilaria immitis sequences had 99.85%–100% (99.92% ± 0.08) similarity with other D. immitis sequences in GenBank. The sequence of D. striata from the bobcat was 100% similar to the single COI sequence available in GenBank. Data from this study reinforce the role of coyotes as a wild reservoir for D. immitis and suggest that raccoons may also play a role in the epidemiology of this parasite. This study additionally provides molecular data on D. striata, an understudied filarioid of felids.

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在美国得克萨斯州野生食肉动物体内检测到的密螺旋体和条纹盘尾丝虫（螺旋体：盘尾丝虫科

在与家畜和人类共生的野生食肉动物体内发现的寄生丝虫（Dirofilaria immitis）和条丝虫（Dirofilaria striata）（螺旋体：盘尾丝虫科）是重要的流行病学丝虫。在本研究中，我们调查了 2014-2016 年和 2020-2023 年期间德克萨斯州各地野生食肉动物的存档血液样本（n = 202）中的 Dirofilaria 种类。通过扩增部分细胞色素氧化酶 c 亚单位 1 (COI) 基因并测序，共检测了 117 只郊狼（Canis latrans）、67 只浣熊（Procyon lotor）、12 只灰狐（Urocyon cinereoargenteus）、5 只山猫（Lynx rufus）和 1 只条纹臭鼬（Mephitis mephitis）。在 11.39%（95% CI = 7.71-16.51）的样本（21 只郊狼和 2 只浣熊）中检测到了密螺旋体，而在一只山猫中检测到了条纹盘尾丝虫。白纹伊蚊序列与 GenBank 中其他白纹伊蚊序列的相似度为 99.85%-100% (99.92% ± 0.08)。山猫身上的条纹盘尾丝虫序列与 GenBank 中的单个 COI 序列相似度为 100%。这项研究的数据加强了郊狼作为潜尾蚴野生储库的作用，并表明浣熊也可能在这种寄生虫的流行病学中发挥作用。这项研究还提供了关于D. striata的分子数据，D. striata是一种未被充分研究的猫科动物丝虫。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

113

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (IJP-PAW) publishes the results of original research on parasites of all wildlife, invertebrate and vertebrate. This includes free-ranging, wild populations, as well as captive wildlife, semi-domesticated species (e.g. reindeer) and farmed populations of recently domesticated or wild-captured species (e.g. cultured fishes). Articles on all aspects of wildlife parasitology are welcomed including taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution, ecology and epidemiology, population biology and host-parasite relationships. The impact of parasites on the health and conservation of wildlife is seen as an important area covered by the journal especially the potential role of environmental factors, for example climate. Also important to the journal is ''one health'' and the nature of interactions between wildlife, people and domestic animals, including disease emergence and zoonoses.