Effect of Injector Type and Intake Boosting on Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Spray-Guided Gasoline Direct Injection Engine—A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI:10.4271/03-17-06-0044

Rahul Kumar, Sreetam Bhaduri, J. Mallikarjuna

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Abstract

In general, GDI engines operate with stratified mixtures at part-load conditions enabling increased fuel economy with high power output, however, with a compensation of increased soot emissions at part-load conditions. This is mainly due to improper in-cylinder mixing of air and fuel leading to a sharp decrease in gradient of reactant destruction term and heat release rate (HRR), resulting in flame quenching. The type of fuel injector and engine operating conditions play a significant role in the in-cylinder mixture formation. Therefore, in this study, a CFD analysis is utilized to compare the effect of stratified mixture combustion with multi-hole solid-cone and hollow-cone injectors on the performance and emission characteristics of a spray-guided GDI engine. The equivalence ratio (ϕ) from 0.6 to 0.8 with the constant engine speed of 2000 rev/min is considered. For both injectors, the fuel injection pressure of 200 bar is used with 60° spray-cone angles. For lean boosting conditions, intake pressures of 1 bar, 1.2 bar, and 1.4 bar are maintained for 0.8 equivalence ratio cases for both injectors. Results from the CFD analysis are compared with those of the available experimental results with good agreement. Analyzing the results, naturally aspirated and intake boosting conditions for ϕ of 0.8, mixture distribution and flame propagation for the multi-hole solid injector are better than hollow-cone injector. Also, for the ϕ of 0.8, naturally aspirated mode, the soot emissions by the hollow-cone injector are higher by about 90%, and the NOx emissions are higher by about 19% compared to that of the multi-hole solid-cone injector. Under boosted intake pressure conditions, for the hollow-cone injector, the soot emissions are higher by about 97%–99%, and NOx emissions are higher by about 7%–6% compared to the multi-hole solid-cone injector. Also, HC and CO emissions are considerably lower for the hollow-cone injector than that of the multi-hole solid-cone injector.

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喷油器类型和进气增压对喷雾引导汽油直喷发动机燃烧、性能和排放特性的影响--计算流体动力学研究

一般来说，GDI 发动机在部分负荷工况下采用分层混合物运行，可在高功率输出的同时提高燃油经济性，但同时也会增加部分负荷工况下的烟尘排放。这主要是由于缸内空气和燃料混合不当，导致反应物破坏项和热释放率（HRR）梯度急剧下降，造成火焰熄灭。燃油喷射器的类型和发动机的运行条件对缸内混合气的形成起着重要作用。因此，本研究利用 CFD 分析比较了多孔实心锥形喷油器和空心锥形喷油器分层混合气燃烧对喷射引导 GDI 发动机性能和排放特性的影响。在发动机转速为 2000 转/分的恒定条件下，考虑了 0.6 至 0.8 的等效比 (j)。两个喷油器的喷射压力均为 200 巴，喷射锥角均为 60°。在贫油增压条件下，两个喷油器在 0.8 等效比情况下的进气压力分别为 1 巴、1.2 巴和 1.4 巴。将 CFD 分析结果与现有的实验结果进行了比较，结果一致。分析结果表明，在自然吸气和进气增压条件下，当 ϕ 为 0.8 时，多孔实心喷油器的混合气分布和火焰传播效果优于空心锥喷油器。此外，在 ϕ 为 0.8 的自然吸气模式下，与多孔固体锥喷油器相比，空心锥喷油器的烟尘排放量高出约 90%，氮氧化物排放量高出约 19%。在进气增压条件下，空心锥喷射器的烟尘排放量比多孔固体锥喷射器高出约 97%-99%，氮氧化物排放量高出约 7%-6%。此外，空心锥喷油器的 HC 和 CO 排放量也大大低于多孔固体锥喷油器。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.