{"title":"Soil Quality Variation under Different Land Use Types and Its Driving Factors in Beijing","authors":"Fangfang Qiang, Changchang Sheng, Jiaqi Zhang, Liwei Jiang, Jinxing Zhou","doi":"10.3390/f15060993","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of urbanization, land resources are becoming increasingly strained, particularly for urban greening purposes. In this context, a large number of newly cultivated lands dominated by construction waste and backfill soil are emerging in cities. Assessing the soil quality of these newly cultivated lands and achieving their rational utilization accurately and quantitatively has become an urgent issue. In this study, soil samples of five land use types, namely newly cultivated land (NCL, control), adjacent cropland (CL), arbor–shrub mixed forest (ASF), arbor forest (AF), and shrubland (SL) were selected around Beijing, China. ASF, AF, and SL are also newly cultivated lands composed of construction waste and backfill before greening. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), a total data set (TDS) and a minimum data set (MDS) were used to construct the soil quality index (SQI) model. Soil quality indicators covering the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and their relationships with land use types were studied with the Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM). The results were summarized as follows: (1) The soil quality index under different land use types in the Beijing plain area were in the order of arbor–shrub mixed forest (ASF) > arbor forest (AF) > shrubland (SL) > cropland (CL) > newly cultivated land (NCL). (2) Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil water content (SWC), maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC), capillary water-holding capacity (CWHC), Pb, and Cd were identified as the MDS. The MDS of the soil quality assessment model showed a linear relationship with the TDS (y = 0.946x + 0.050, R2 = 0.51). (3) Land use types have an indirect impact on soil quality by changing the content of Pb. The chemical indicators’ coefficient (0.602) contributed more to the SQI than did the physical indicators’ (0.259) and heavy metal elements’ (−0.234). In general, afforestation and agricultural production could improve the newly cultivated lands’ soil quality, but afforestation is much better than agricultural production. These results will help to evaluate the SQI in the Beijing plain area objectively and accurately, and they have significant implications for soil restoration and management.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forests","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15060993","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
With the advancement of urbanization, land resources are becoming increasingly strained, particularly for urban greening purposes. In this context, a large number of newly cultivated lands dominated by construction waste and backfill soil are emerging in cities. Assessing the soil quality of these newly cultivated lands and achieving their rational utilization accurately and quantitatively has become an urgent issue. In this study, soil samples of five land use types, namely newly cultivated land (NCL, control), adjacent cropland (CL), arbor–shrub mixed forest (ASF), arbor forest (AF), and shrubland (SL) were selected around Beijing, China. ASF, AF, and SL are also newly cultivated lands composed of construction waste and backfill before greening. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), a total data set (TDS) and a minimum data set (MDS) were used to construct the soil quality index (SQI) model. Soil quality indicators covering the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and their relationships with land use types were studied with the Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM). The results were summarized as follows: (1) The soil quality index under different land use types in the Beijing plain area were in the order of arbor–shrub mixed forest (ASF) > arbor forest (AF) > shrubland (SL) > cropland (CL) > newly cultivated land (NCL). (2) Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil water content (SWC), maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC), capillary water-holding capacity (CWHC), Pb, and Cd were identified as the MDS. The MDS of the soil quality assessment model showed a linear relationship with the TDS (y = 0.946x + 0.050, R2 = 0.51). (3) Land use types have an indirect impact on soil quality by changing the content of Pb. The chemical indicators’ coefficient (0.602) contributed more to the SQI than did the physical indicators’ (0.259) and heavy metal elements’ (−0.234). In general, afforestation and agricultural production could improve the newly cultivated lands’ soil quality, but afforestation is much better than agricultural production. These results will help to evaluate the SQI in the Beijing plain area objectively and accurately, and they have significant implications for soil restoration and management.
期刊介绍:
Forests (ISSN 1999-4907) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly journal of forestry and forest ecology. It publishes research papers, short communications and review papers. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles.