Soviet Plans, Capitalist Chemistry: Khimizatsiya and the Western Pesticide Companies in the Age of Poisons

IF 0.3 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Global Environment Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI:10.3828/whpge.63837646622489

Marin Coudreau

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper seeks to provide a decentred and transsystemic approach to the ‘contamination of the Earth’ by pesticides. It tackles connections, circulations and entanglements between the main Western agrochemical companies and the major authorities dealing with the ‘chemicalisation’ of agriculture in the Soviet Union in the Cold War period and beyond. This paper first outlines the development of the Soviet regulatory system for the adoption of pesticides emerging in the 1950–60s in the context of the Cold War. It then analyses how the major Western agrochemical companies started to operate in the Soviet Union after signing trading and R&D partnerships with Moscow during the era of Détente . The third and last part focus on Bayer’s activities in the Soviet Union starting in the 1970s, as a case study that looks at the corporate practices of influences during the late Soviet ‘chemicalisation’ on the one hand and ecological policies and contestations on the other. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .

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苏联计划，资本主义化学：毒药时代的Khimizatsiya和西方农药公司

本文试图为农药对地球的 "污染 "提供一种正统和跨系统的方法。它探讨了西方主要农用化学品公司与处理冷战时期及以后苏联农业 "化学化 "问题的主要机构之间的联系、流通和纠葛。本文首先概述了 20 世纪 50-60 年代冷战背景下苏联农药使用监管体系的发展。然后，本文分析了西方主要农用化学品公司如何在缓和时期与莫斯科签订贸易和研发合作协议后开始在苏联开展业务。第三部分和最后一部分将重点放在拜耳公司从 20 世纪 70 年代开始在苏联开展的活动上，并将其作为一个案例研究，一方面探讨在苏联 "化学化 "晚期影响企业的做法，另一方面探讨生态政策和争议。本文以 CC BY 许可方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Global Environment ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-

CiteScore

0.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The half-yearly journal Global Environment: A Journal of History and Natural and Social Sciences acts as a forum and echo chamber for ongoing studies on the environment and world history, with special focus on modern and contemporary topics. Our intent is to gather and stimulate scholarship that, despite a diversity of approaches and themes, shares an environmental perspective on world history in its various facets, including economic development, social relations, production government, and international relations. One of the journal’s main commitments is to bring together different areas of expertise in both the natural and the social sciences to facilitate a common language and a common perspective in the study of history. This commitment is fulfilled by way of peer-reviewed research articles and also by interviews and other special features. Global Environment strives to transcend the western-centric and ‘developist’ bias that has dominated international environmental historiography so far and to favour the emergence of spatially and culturally diversified points of view. It seeks to replace the notion of ‘hierarchy’ with those of ‘relationship’ and ‘exchange’ – between continents, states, regions, cities, central zones and peripheral areas – in studying the construction or destruction of environments and ecosystems.