Fast food consumption, obesity and nutrient intake among adults in Indonesia

Abstract

Asian countries, including Indonesia, have experienced a significant shift in their diet with increased fast food consumption spurred by rapid economic expansion, urbanisation and social changes. Increasing mortality and morbidity following obesity and noncommunicable diseases have been linked to an imbalanced nutrient intake. This study assessed the pattern of fast food consumption with overweight, obesity and nutrient intake of Indonesian adults. Three hundred eighty-five participants were conveniently recruited; completed a questionnaire encompassing socio-demographics, the pattern of fast food consumption and nutritional status. Also, participants’ anthropometric measurements were obtained. Some participants were overweight (27.5%) and obese (8.6%). Fast food was widely consumed by both genders; males (95%) and females (98%). Fast food consumption rate was significantly associated (p<0.01) with marital status, education level and monthly income. Married individuals (54%), those with post-graduate education (68%), and higher-income earners (62%) consumed more fast food when eating out. There was no significant association between fast food consumption rate and anthropometric parameters, including obesity. However, fast food consumption rate, number of daily meals replaced with fast food was significantly associated (p<0.05) with increased calorie intake and fat intake. This growing tendency of energy-dense food consumption may increase the risk of obesity in the long run, putting people at risk for various noncommunicable diseases. The prevalence of overweight and obesity may be reduced by promoting an active lifestyle, creating a supportive environment for voluntary physical activity and restricting high-energy food consumption.