Liquid-metal experiments on geophysical and astrophysical phenomena

IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED
Frank Stefani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Recent decades have seen enormous progress in the experimental investigation of fundamental processes that are relevant to geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics. Liquid metals have proven particularly suited for such studies, partly owing to their small Prandtl numbers that are comparable to those in planetary cores and stellar convection zones, partly owing to their high electrical conductivity that allows the study of various magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. After introducing the theoretical basics and the key dimensionless parameters, we discuss some of the most important liquid-metal experiments on Rayleigh–Bénard convection, Alfvén waves, magnetically triggered flow instabilities such as the magnetorotational and Tayler instability, and the dynamo effect. Finally, we summarize what has been learned so far from those recent experiments and what could be expected from future ones. The understanding of fluid flows and their interaction with magnetic fields in planetary and stellar cores or accretion disks represents a challenge for geophysical and astrophysical research. This Review covers recent liquid-metal experiments on the underlying processes, such as convection, Alfvén waves, the magnetorotational instability and the dynamo effect.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

地球物理和天体物理现象的液态金属实验
近几十年来,与地球物理和天体物理流体动力学相关的基本过程的实验研究取得了巨大进展。事实证明,液态金属特别适合此类研究,一方面是因为它们的普朗特尔数很小,与行星内核和恒星对流区的普朗特尔数相当;另一方面是因为它们的导电率很高,可以研究各种磁流体动力学现象。在介绍了理论基础和关键的无量纲参数后,我们讨论了一些最重要的液态金属实验,包括雷利-贝纳德对流、阿尔弗波、磁引发的流动不稳定性(如磁动和泰勒不稳定性)以及动力效应。最后,我们总结了迄今为止从这些最新实验中学到的知识以及对未来实验的预期。了解行星和恒星内核或吸积盘中的流体流动及其与磁场的相互作用是地球物理和天体物理研究的一项挑战。本综述涵盖了最近关于对流、阿尔弗波、磁不稳定性和动力效应等基本过程的液态金属实验。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
47.80
自引率
0.50%
发文量
122
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Physics is an online-only reviews journal, part of the Nature Reviews portfolio of journals. It publishes high-quality technical reference, review, and commentary articles in all areas of fundamental and applied physics. The journal offers a range of content types, including Reviews, Perspectives, Roadmaps, Technical Reviews, Expert Recommendations, Comments, Editorials, Research Highlights, Features, and News & Views, which cover significant advances in the field and topical issues. Nature Reviews Physics is published monthly from January 2019 and does not have external, academic editors. Instead, all editorial decisions are made by a dedicated team of full-time professional editors.
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