Diffusion-induced phase separation 3D printed scaffolds for dynamic tissue repair

BMEMat Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI:10.1002/bmm2.12108
Muyuan Chai, Wenwen Zhong, Shengtao Yan, Tan Ye, Rui Zheng, Zhilu Yang, Xuetao Shi
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Abstract

Many hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels possess unique properties, but their limited processability hinders their potential applications. By incorporating a hydrogen bond dissociator (HBD) into these hydrogels, we developed injectable 3D printing inks termed diffusion-induced phase separation (DIPS) 3D printing inks. Upon extrusion into water and subsequent diffusion of HBD, these ink cure rapidly. The DIPS-printed scaffold retained most of the original hydrogel properties due to the regeneration of hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the reversible nature of hydrogen bonds provides DIPS 3D-printed scaffolds with exceptional recycling and reprinting capabilities, resulting in a reduction in the waste of valuable raw ink materials or additives. Postprocessing introduces new crosslinking methods that modulate the mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of DIPS scaffolds over a broad range. Based on its suitable mechanical properties and bioactivity, we successfully repaired and functionally reconstructed a complex defect in penile erectile tissue using the DIPS scaffold in a rabbit model. In summary, this approach is relevant for various hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels that offer mild printing conditions and enable the incorporation of bioactive agents. They can be used as scaffolds for dynamic tissue reconstruction, wearable devices, or soft robots.

Abstract Image

用于动态组织修复的扩散诱导相分离三维打印支架
许多氢键交联水凝胶具有独特的性能,但其有限的可加工性阻碍了它们的潜在应用。通过在这些水凝胶中加入氢键解离剂(HBD),我们开发出了可注射的三维打印油墨,称为扩散诱导相分离(DIPS)三维打印油墨。在挤入水中并随后扩散 HBD 后,这些油墨会迅速固化。由于氢键的再生,DIPS 打印的支架保留了大部分原有的水凝胶特性。此外,氢键的可逆性使 DIPS 三维打印支架具有卓越的回收和再打印能力,从而减少了宝贵的油墨原料或添加剂的浪费。后处理引入了新的交联方法,可在很大范围内调节 DIPS 支架的机械性能和降解特性。基于其合适的机械性能和生物活性,我们利用 DIPS 支架在兔子模型中成功修复并重建了阴茎勃起组织的复杂缺损。总之,这种方法适用于各种氢键交联水凝胶,它们能提供温和的印刷条件,并能加入生物活性剂。它们可用作动态组织重建、可穿戴设备或软机器人的支架。
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