Leveraging successional facilitation to improve restoration of foundational dune grasses along a frequently disturbed coastline

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Hallie S. Fischman, Copeland W. Cromwell, Joseph P. Morton, R. Temmink, T. van der Heide, Peter N. Adams, Christine Angelini
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Abstract

Coastal ecosystems provide critical storm and flood protection but are rapidly degrading worldwide, making their restoration urgent. We evaluated whether successional facilitation, where pioneers facilitate climax species, could be leveraged to accelerate coastal dune revegetation. A survey spanning 270 km of Southeast U.S. coastline revealed that Panicum amarum (bitter panicum) supported higher plant richness than Uniola paniculata (sea oats) and that sea oat cover was 230% greater on mature dunes than disturbed dunes, suggesting bitter panicum functions as a pioneer and sea oats as a climax species. A reciprocal transplant experiment confirmed this interpretation: bitter panicum stem production and height fell by 37% and >20 cm, respectively, when planted proximate to sea oats versus in isolation, whereas sea oats produced 38% more and >12 cm taller stems when planted proximate to bitter panicum versus in isolation. A second experiment evaluating the density‐dependence of this facilitative interaction revealed that sea oats transplanted into low densities of bitter panicum grew >15% taller than isolated and high‐density treatments. However, within 7 months, wave inundation eliminated over 60% of propagules in both experiments. To explore foredune inundation frequency and its implications for dune revegetation, we applied empirical wave runup models at 101 locations throughout Volusia County, Florida. While disturbance frequency varied seasonally and annually, sites with low dune crests and steep beach slopes experienced frequent inundation (>50 events/year). Given the interactions between geomorphology and vegetation success, we present a decision matrix to guide managers in determining optimal revegetation methods tailored to project goals and site conditions.
利用继替促进作用,改善经常受到干扰的海岸线上基础沙丘草的恢复情况
沿海生态系统为暴风雨和洪水提供了重要的保护,但在全球范围内正迅速退化,因此恢复沿海生态系统迫在眉睫。我们评估了是否可以利用 "继替促进"(即先锋物种促进高潮物种)来加快沿海沙丘的植被重建。一项横跨美国东南部 270 公里海岸线的调查显示,Panicum amarum(苦秫)支持的植物丰富度高于 Uniola paniculata(海燕麦),成熟沙丘上的海燕麦覆盖率比受干扰沙丘上的海燕麦覆盖率高 230%,这表明苦秫起着先锋作用,而海燕麦起着高潮物种的作用。一项相互移植实验证实了这一解释:当苦穇与海燕麦近距离种植而不是单独种植时,苦穇的茎产量和茎高分别下降了37%和20厘米以上;而当海燕麦与苦穇近距离种植而不是单独种植时,海燕麦的茎产量和茎高分别增加了38%和12厘米以上。第二个实验评估了这种促进性相互作用的密度依赖性,结果表明,海燕麦移植到低密度的苦攀兰中,比孤立和高密度处理的海燕麦高 15%以上。然而,在 7 个月内,两次实验中都有超过 60% 的繁殖体被海浪淹没。为了探索前沙丘淹没频率及其对沙丘植被重建的影响,我们在佛罗里达州沃卢西亚县的 101 个地点应用了经验波浪上升模型。虽然扰动频率因季节和年份而异,但沙丘峰顶较低且海滩坡度较陡的地点会频繁出现淹没现象(>50 次/年)。鉴于地貌与植被成活率之间的相互作用,我们提出了一个决策矩阵,以指导管理人员根据项目目标和现场条件确定最佳植被重建方法。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
期刊介绍: ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.
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