Response surface modeling and optimization of graphene production by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite from waste battery (Zn/C)

IF 1.7 4区化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI:10.1007/s11144-024-02671-5

Soumia Benredouane, Amal Elfiad, Sabrina Naama, Fatsah Moulai, Tarrek Berrama, Toufik Hadjersi

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Abstract

This study presents a novel approach for optimizing graphene yield from waste Zn/C battery graphite through response surface methodology (RSM) and a fractional factorial design. By focusing on graphite extracted from spent batteries and employing a statistically designed experiment, this work contributes to sustainable graphene production with good efficiency. We employed a fractional factorial design (2^5–1) to identify the influence of five key factors on graphene yield (Ye): reaction time, initial solution temperature, solution pH, bias voltage, and electrolyte concentration. A quadratic regression model was developed using response surface methodology (RSM) and validated through variance analysis (α ≥ 0.98). Subsequently, optimal conditions were determined through analytical methods, identifying the stationary point of the model and assessing the determinant value of the Hessian matrix. These optimal conditions were characterized by a reaction time (t) of 54.6 min, an initial solution temperature (Ti) of 34.5 °C, and a bias voltage (V) of 15.42 V. Under these conditions, the predicted graphene yield (Ye) was 40% ± 3%.

Graphical abstract

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利用废电池（Zn/C）电化学剥离石墨生产石墨烯的响应面建模与优化

本研究提出了一种新方法，通过响应面方法学（RSM）和分数因子设计从废锌/锌电池石墨中优化石墨烯产量。本研究重点关注从废电池中提取的石墨，并采用了统计设计实验，从而为高效的可持续石墨烯生产做出了贡献。我们采用了分数因子设计（25-1）来确定五个关键因素对石墨烯产量（Ye）的影响：反应时间、初始溶液温度、溶液 pH 值、偏置电压和电解液浓度。利用响应面法 (RSM) 建立了二次回归模型，并通过方差分析进行了验证（α ≥ 0.98）。随后，通过分析方法确定了最佳条件，确定了模型的静止点，并评估了 Hessian 矩阵的行列式值。在这些条件下，预测的石墨烯产量（Ye）为 40% ± 3%。

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来源期刊

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

201

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis is a medium for original contributions in the following fields: -kinetics of homogeneous reactions in gas, liquid and solid phase; -Homogeneous catalysis; -Heterogeneous catalysis; -Adsorption in heterogeneous catalysis; -Transport processes related to reaction kinetics and catalysis; -Preparation and study of catalysts; -Reactors and apparatus. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis was formerly published under the title Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters.