Response surface modeling and optimization of graphene production by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite from waste battery (Zn/C)

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI:10.1007/s11144-024-02671-5

Soumia Benredouane, Amal Elfiad, Sabrina Naama, Fatsah Moulai, Tarrek Berrama, Toufik Hadjersi

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Abstract

This study presents a novel approach for optimizing graphene yield from waste Zn/C battery graphite through response surface methodology (RSM) and a fractional factorial design. By focusing on graphite extracted from spent batteries and employing a statistically designed experiment, this work contributes to sustainable graphene production with good efficiency. We employed a fractional factorial design (2^5–1) to identify the influence of five key factors on graphene yield (Ye): reaction time, initial solution temperature, solution pH, bias voltage, and electrolyte concentration. A quadratic regression model was developed using response surface methodology (RSM) and validated through variance analysis (α ≥ 0.98). Subsequently, optimal conditions were determined through analytical methods, identifying the stationary point of the model and assessing the determinant value of the Hessian matrix. These optimal conditions were characterized by a reaction time (t) of 54.6 min, an initial solution temperature (Ti) of 34.5 °C, and a bias voltage (V) of 15.42 V. Under these conditions, the predicted graphene yield (Ye) was 40% ± 3%.

Graphical abstract

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利用废电池（Zn/C）电化学剥离石墨生产石墨烯的响应面建模与优化

本研究提出了一种新方法，通过响应面方法学（RSM）和分数因子设计从废锌/锌电池石墨中优化石墨烯产量。本研究重点关注从废电池中提取的石墨，并采用了统计设计实验，从而为高效的可持续石墨烯生产做出了贡献。我们采用了分数因子设计（25-1）来确定五个关键因素对石墨烯产量（Ye）的影响：反应时间、初始溶液温度、溶液 pH 值、偏置电压和电解液浓度。利用响应面法 (RSM) 建立了二次回归模型，并通过方差分析进行了验证（α ≥ 0.98）。随后，通过分析方法确定了最佳条件，确定了模型的静止点，并评估了 Hessian 矩阵的行列式值。在这些条件下，预测的石墨烯产量（Ye）为 40% ± 3%。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.