{"title":"Frequency-Division Multiplexing Continuous Variable Quantum Dense Coding with Broadband Entanglement","authors":"Shaocong Liang, Jialin Cheng, Jiliang Qin, Jiatong Li, Yi Shi, Baiyun Zeng, Zhihui Yan, Xiaojun Jia, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400094","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Quantum dense coding (QDC) provides great potential for high-capacity quantum communication. However, it is highly demanded for practical applications to realize high-capacity QDC with multiple coded information. Here, a high-capacity QDC with multiple streams is reported in different channels simultaneously through frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). The broadband entangled state is generated from a pair of degenerate optic al parametric amplifiers with short cavity lengths. Based on the resultant broadband entanglement, multiple pieces of information coded using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) are transferred with the FDM method. As an experimental demonstration, four pieces of information composed of pseudo-random numbers are transmitted at a rate of 4 Mbit s<sup>–1</sup> using BPSK encoding. The decoded bit error rate reaches <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/13f17340-5f97-4662-8fc7-cbd253267378/lpor202400094-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"1\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202400094-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"0,3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-speech=\"10 Superscript negative 3\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.393em;\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"2\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"1\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202400094:lpor202400094-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/lpor202400094-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><msup data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-speech=\"10 Superscript negative 3\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mn data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\">10</mn><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"2\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\"><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\">−</mo><mn data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\">3</mn></mrow></msup>$ 10^{-3}$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>, which is an average 35-fold improvement compared with the classical scheme. Furthermore, it is possible to make full use of sideband resource for four different information by using orthogonal FDM. This scheme can be extended to more different information by directly increasing the FDM sideband subchannels, and opens an avenue to construct high-capacity quantum communication, while minimizing the cost of quantum resource.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400094","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Quantum dense coding (QDC) provides great potential for high-capacity quantum communication. However, it is highly demanded for practical applications to realize high-capacity QDC with multiple coded information. Here, a high-capacity QDC with multiple streams is reported in different channels simultaneously through frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). The broadband entangled state is generated from a pair of degenerate optic al parametric amplifiers with short cavity lengths. Based on the resultant broadband entanglement, multiple pieces of information coded using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) are transferred with the FDM method. As an experimental demonstration, four pieces of information composed of pseudo-random numbers are transmitted at a rate of 4 Mbit s–1 using BPSK encoding. The decoded bit error rate reaches , which is an average 35-fold improvement compared with the classical scheme. Furthermore, it is possible to make full use of sideband resource for four different information by using orthogonal FDM. This scheme can be extended to more different information by directly increasing the FDM sideband subchannels, and opens an avenue to construct high-capacity quantum communication, while minimizing the cost of quantum resource.
期刊介绍:
Laser & Photonics Reviews is a reputable journal that publishes high-quality Reviews, original Research Articles, and Perspectives in the field of photonics and optics. It covers both theoretical and experimental aspects, including recent groundbreaking research, specific advancements, and innovative applications.
As evidence of its impact and recognition, Laser & Photonics Reviews boasts a remarkable 2022 Impact Factor of 11.0, according to the Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics (2023). Moreover, it holds impressive rankings in the InCites Journal Citation Reports: in 2021, it was ranked 6th out of 101 in the field of Optics, 15th out of 161 in Applied Physics, and 12th out of 69 in Condensed Matter Physics.
The journal uses the ISSN numbers 1863-8880 for print and 1863-8899 for online publications.