A mature quasar at cosmic dawn revealed by JWST rest-frame infrared spectroscopy

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI:10.1038/s41550-024-02273-0

Sarah E. I. Bosman, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Luis Colina, Fabian Walter, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Martin J. Ward, Göran Östlin, Thomas R. Greve, Gillian Wright, Arjan Bik, Leindert Boogaard, Karina Caputi, Luca Costantin, Andreas Eckart, Macarena García-Marín, Steven Gillman, Jens Hjorth, Edoardo Iani, Olivier Ilbert, Iris Jermann, Alvaro Labiano, Danial Langeroodi, Florian Peißker, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Martin Topinka, Paul van der Werf, Manuel Güdel, Thomas Henning, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Tom P. Ray, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Bart Vandenbussche

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Abstract

The rapid assembly of the first supermassive black holes is an enduring mystery. Until now, it was not known whether quasar ‘feeding’ structures (the ‘hot torus’) could assemble as fast as the smaller-scale quasar structures. We present JWST/MRS (rest-frame infrared) spectroscopic observations of the quasar J1120+0641 at z = 7.0848 (well within the epoch of reionization). The hot torus dust was clearly detected at λrest ≃ 1.3 μm, with a black-body temperature of $${T}_{{{{\rm{dust}}}}}=\text{1,413.5}_{-7.4}^{+5.7}$$ K, slightly elevated compared to similarly luminous quasars at lower redshifts. Importantly, the supermassive black hole mass of J1120+0641 based on the Hα line (accessible only with JWST), MBH = 1.52 ± 0.17 × 109 M⊙, is in good agreement with previous ground-based rest-frame ultraviolet Mg ii measurements. Comparing the ratios of the Hα, Paα and Paβ emission lines to predictions from a simple one-phase Cloudy model, we find that they are consistent with originating from a common broad-line region with physical parameters that are consistent with lower-redshift quasars. Together, this implies that J1120+0641’s accretion structures must have assembled very quickly, as they appear fully ‘mature’ less than 760 Myr after the Big Bang. A JWST/MIRI spectrum of an early quasar in the mid-infrared indicates that J1120+0641 had a mature feeding structure 760 Myr after the Big Bang. This finding suggests that supermassive black holes and their torii build up surprisingly quickly.

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JWST 静止帧红外光谱仪揭示的宇宙黎明中的成熟类星体

第一个超大质量黑洞的快速组装是一个永恒之谜。直到现在，人们还不知道类星体的 "喂养 "结构（"热环状"）是否能像较小尺度的类星体结构一样快速组装。我们展示了 JWST/MRS（静帧红外）光谱对 z = 7.0848（远在再电离纪元之内）的类星体 J1120+0641 的观测结果。在 λrest ≃ 1.3 μm处清晰地探测到了热环尘，其黑体温度为({T}_{{{{\rm{dust}}}}}=text{1,413.5}_{-7.4}^{+5.7}\) K，与较低红移下类似亮度的类星体相比略有升高。重要的是，根据Hα线得出的J1120+0641的超大质量黑洞质量（只能通过JWST获得）MBH = 1.52 ± 0.17 × 109 M⊙，与之前的地基静帧紫外Mg ii测量结果非常吻合。我们将 Hα、Paα 和 Paβ 发射线的比率与简单的单相浊度模型的预测结果进行比较，发现它们都来自一个共同的宽线区域，其物理参数与低红移类星体一致。这意味着 J1120+0641 的吸积结构一定是在大爆炸后不到 760 Myr 就完全 "成熟 "了。

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来源期刊

Nature Astronomy Physics and Astronomy-Astronomy and Astrophysics

CiteScore

19.50

自引率

2.80%

发文量

252

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