Seung Su Kang , Suar Oh , Dang Xuan Dang , Giheon Kim , Minjeong Kim , Won Seok Kim , Seong Chu Lim
{"title":"Controlling electrothermal behavior of Metal–Carbon hybrid wire in free molecular flow region","authors":"Seung Su Kang , Suar Oh , Dang Xuan Dang , Giheon Kim , Minjeong Kim , Won Seok Kim , Seong Chu Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119327","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the heat loss of the metal wire to the gases in the free molecular region, whose pressure is below 10<sup>−3</sup> Pa. The heat transfer characteristics at the interface between the metal surface and the gases are only accessible when the conductional heat loss along the wire is comparable to or less than 100 nW/K. Unfortunately, such an infinitesimal heat flow is not controllable from typical metal wire. For this reason, we have synthesized a new material, metal-carbon hybrid wire (MCHW). In the free molecular flow region, the resistance of MCHW is inversely proportional to the pressure (P), R∼1/P, regardless of gas species, which contradicts the gas-dependent heat loss theory. At a pressure <1 × 10<sup>−4</sup> Pa, we observe a deviation from reciprocal linearity attributed to a growing radiational heat loss. Our results realize the thermal conductive sensing of the pressure below 10<sup>−5</sup> Pa, which has been unprecedented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Carbon","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622324005463","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We investigated the heat loss of the metal wire to the gases in the free molecular region, whose pressure is below 10−3 Pa. The heat transfer characteristics at the interface between the metal surface and the gases are only accessible when the conductional heat loss along the wire is comparable to or less than 100 nW/K. Unfortunately, such an infinitesimal heat flow is not controllable from typical metal wire. For this reason, we have synthesized a new material, metal-carbon hybrid wire (MCHW). In the free molecular flow region, the resistance of MCHW is inversely proportional to the pressure (P), R∼1/P, regardless of gas species, which contradicts the gas-dependent heat loss theory. At a pressure <1 × 10−4 Pa, we observe a deviation from reciprocal linearity attributed to a growing radiational heat loss. Our results realize the thermal conductive sensing of the pressure below 10−5 Pa, which has been unprecedented.
期刊介绍:
The journal Carbon is an international multidisciplinary forum for communicating scientific advances in the field of carbon materials. It reports new findings related to the formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbons. Carbons are a broad class of ordered or disordered solid phases composed primarily of elemental carbon, including but not limited to carbon black, carbon fibers and filaments, carbon nanotubes, diamond and diamond-like carbon, fullerenes, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, graphene-oxide, porous carbons, pyrolytic carbon, and other sp2 and non-sp2 hybridized carbon systems. Carbon is the companion title to the open access journal Carbon Trends. Relevant application areas for carbon materials include biology and medicine, catalysis, electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic, high-frequency, and photonic devices, energy storage and conversion systems, environmental applications and water treatment, smart materials and systems, and structural and thermal applications.