Testing for Alcohol Responsiveness in Familial Essential Tremor.

Abstract

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder in adults and is considered to be highly heritable. A reduction of the tremor amplitude after alcohol consumption is reported in approximately half of the patients. In this study, we describe the alcohol response in our familial ET cohort by employing an alcohol responsivity test designed by Knudsen et al. outside its original research group for the first time.

Methods: We recruited families with at least three trembling family members and confirmed ET diagnoses. During the in-hospital alcohol responsivity test, tremor was measured using Archimedes spirals before alcohol consumption (T0), one hour after alcohol intake (T1), and the next morning (T2). The spirals were rated by two independent raters using the Bain Findley scale. The average of these two scores was calculated as the Archimedes Spiral Rating (ASR) for each time point.

Results: Twenty-four confirmed ET patients were included for analysis. The median ASR at T0 (5.0) and T2 (4.75) were significantly higher than the median ASR at T1 (3.25) (both p < 0.001). In 67% of patients, a difference in ASR between T0 and T1 (dASR) ≥ 2 pointed towards an improvement of tremor after consuming alcohol.

Discussion: We confirmed that the alcohol responsiveness test of Knudsen et al. is useful in determining objective alcohol responsivity. We established a significantly reduced ASR after alcohol consumption in 67% of familial ET patients in our cohort. In the future, a larger population is needed to establish whether familial aggregation of alcohol responsivity occurs in essential tremor patients.

Highlights: The test designed by Knudsen et al. effectively established objective alcohol responsiveness outside its original research group.We found an objective alcohol response in 67% of our familial ET cohort.Subjective VAS scores were significantly lower after alcohol consumption.There was no correlation between the objective and subjective alcohol responsiveness.Familial aggregation of alcohol responsiveness in ET should be studied in a larger cohort.