Impact of lifestyle, human diet and nutrient use efficiency in food production on eutrophication of global aquifers and surface waters

IF 8.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
A.F. Bouwman , A.H.W. Beusen , J.C. Doelman , E. Stehfest , H. Westhoek
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Abstract

A spatially explicit (0.5 degree resolution) analysis is presented of the impact of human lifestyle, diet and nutrient use efficiency in food production and wastewater treatment on exceedance of threshold concentrations for nitrate in groundwater, and total N and total P concentrations in surface water, as well as criteria for their ratio. This analysis starts from the middle-of-the-road (SSP2) and the sustainability (SSP1) Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP), focusing on the year 2050. The scenarios with changed lifestyle assume a reduction of food wastage and a low-meat diet for all world inhabitants, implying large reductions of meat and milk consumption and production in industrialized countries. Scenarios with improved nutrient use efficiencies assume maximum achievable efficiencies under practical conditions. The SSP2 scenario combined with assumptions on lifestyle and human diet leads to improvement in industrialized countries only, and increased levels in many other regions. A strong improvement is achieved in SSP1, but not in many developing countries, and SSP1 combined with changed lifestyle leads to improvement of groundwater and surface water quality in industrialized countries only. Therefore, changed lifestyle needs to be combined with efforts to improve the efficiency in food production systems and wastewater treatment to achieve reductions of the area affected by groundwater contamination and eutrophication of surface waters. Reduction strategies need to find a balance between N and P, since it is easier to reduce N in rivers to levels below the threshold than P.

生活方式、人类饮食和粮食生产中的养分利用效率对全球含水层和地表水富营养化的影响
对人类生活方式、饮食习惯、粮食生产和废水处理中的营养物质利用效率对地下水硝酸盐阈值浓度、地表水总氮和总磷浓度超标的影响及其比率标准进行了空间明确(0.5 度分辨率)分析。本分析从中庸(SSP2)和可持续性(SSP1)共同社会经济路径(SSP)出发,以 2050 年为重点。改变生活方式的方案假定世界所有居民都会减少食物浪费和低肉类饮食,这意味着工业化国家会大量减少肉类和牛奶的消费和生产。提高养分利用效率的情景假设在实际条件下可达到的最高效率。结合生活方式和人类膳食假设的 SSP2 情景仅导致工业化国家的营养利用效率提高,而其他许多地区的营养利用效率则有所提高。在 SSP1 中,地下水和地表水的水质得到了很大改善,但在许多发展中国家却没有得到改善;SSP1 与改变生活方式相结合,仅在工业化国家改善了地下水和地表水的水质。因此,改变生活方式需要与提高食品生产系统和废水处理效率相结合,以减少受地下水污染和地表水富营养化影响的地区。减少战略需要在氮和磷之间找到平衡,因为将河流中的氮减少到阈值以下比将磷减少到阈值以下更容易。
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来源期刊
Global Environmental Change
Global Environmental Change 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
18.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
146
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Global Environmental Change is a prestigious international journal that publishes articles of high quality, both theoretically and empirically rigorous. The journal aims to contribute to the understanding of global environmental change from the perspectives of human and policy dimensions. Specifically, it considers global environmental change as the result of processes occurring at the local level, but with wide-ranging impacts on various spatial, temporal, and socio-political scales. In terms of content, the journal seeks articles with a strong social science component. This includes research that examines the societal drivers and consequences of environmental change, as well as social and policy processes that aim to address these challenges. While the journal covers a broad range of topics, including biodiversity and ecosystem services, climate, coasts, food systems, land use and land cover, oceans, urban areas, and water resources, it also welcomes contributions that investigate the drivers, consequences, and management of other areas affected by environmental change. Overall, Global Environmental Change encourages research that deepens our understanding of the complex interactions between human activities and the environment, with the goal of informing policy and decision-making.
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