Effect of hot water maceration, rehydration, and soft tissue presence on 3D geometry of bone.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI:10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0
Martin Bittner-Frank, Andreas Strassl, Ewald Unger, Lena Hirtler, Franz Kainberger, Reinhard Windhager, Francesco Moscato, Emir Benca
{"title":"Effect of hot water maceration, rehydration, and soft tissue presence on 3D geometry of bone.","authors":"Martin Bittner-Frank, Andreas Strassl, Ewald Unger, Lena Hirtler, Franz Kainberger, Reinhard Windhager, Francesco Moscato, Emir Benca","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In forensic medicine, maceration is often essential for examining bone surfaces, serving purposes such as identifying cut marks, making geometric measurements, and determining the victim's age. While hot water maceration removes soft tissue effectively, it is known to cause bone surface shrinkage. This raises the question of whether this effect is permanent or if it can be partially reversed through rehydration, considering the presence of soft tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted on the radii of 20 paired human anatomic forearm specimens. Subsequently, the radii were extracted, macerated in 60 °C water, CT-scanned in an air environment, rehydrated, re-implanted into the forearms, and CT-scanned again.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maceration resulted in a mean shrinkage of 0.12 mm on the outer bone surface. This shrinkage was nearly fully recoverable for the diaphysis after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone. In contrast, the epiphysis showed permanent shrinkage, likely due to the loss of small bone fragments. Analysis of the inner bone surface indicated a smaller effect, but with significant standard deviations, especially for the epiphysis, possibly related to the less well-defined nature of the inner bone surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The epiphyseal surface of hot water-macerated bone will, on average, be approximately 0.15 mm deflated and cannot retain the original surface. On the other hand, the diaphyseal surface is less affected and can be nearly completely restored after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953162/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, LEGAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: In forensic medicine, maceration is often essential for examining bone surfaces, serving purposes such as identifying cut marks, making geometric measurements, and determining the victim's age. While hot water maceration removes soft tissue effectively, it is known to cause bone surface shrinkage. This raises the question of whether this effect is permanent or if it can be partially reversed through rehydration, considering the presence of soft tissue.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted on the radii of 20 paired human anatomic forearm specimens. Subsequently, the radii were extracted, macerated in 60 °C water, CT-scanned in an air environment, rehydrated, re-implanted into the forearms, and CT-scanned again.

Results: Maceration resulted in a mean shrinkage of 0.12 mm on the outer bone surface. This shrinkage was nearly fully recoverable for the diaphysis after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone. In contrast, the epiphysis showed permanent shrinkage, likely due to the loss of small bone fragments. Analysis of the inner bone surface indicated a smaller effect, but with significant standard deviations, especially for the epiphysis, possibly related to the less well-defined nature of the inner bone surface.

Conclusion: The epiphyseal surface of hot water-macerated bone will, on average, be approximately 0.15 mm deflated and cannot retain the original surface. On the other hand, the diaphyseal surface is less affected and can be nearly completely restored after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone.

热水浸渍、再水化和软组织存在对骨骼三维几何形状的影响。
目的:在法医学中,浸渍通常是检查骨骼表面的必要方法,可用于识别切割痕迹、进行几何测量和确定受害者年龄等目的。虽然热水浸渍能有效去除软组织,但已知会导致骨骼表面收缩。这就提出了一个问题:考虑到软组织的存在,这种影响是永久性的,还是可以通过补水部分逆转:方法:对 20 个配对的人体前臂解剖样本的桡骨进行计算机断层扫描(CT)。随后,提取桡骨,将其浸泡在 60 °C 的水中,在空气环境中进行 CT 扫描,然后重新水化,重新植入前臂,并再次进行 CT 扫描:浸渍导致骨外表面平均收缩 0.12 毫米。在重新水化并考虑到骨骼周围的软组织后,骨骺的收缩几乎可以完全恢复。与此相反,骨骺出现永久性收缩,这可能是由于小块骨碎片的损失造成的。对骨内面的分析表明,影响较小,但标准偏差较大,尤其是骨骺,这可能与骨内面的性质不太明确有关:结论:被热水浸泡过的骨骺表面平均会瘪掉约 0.15 毫米,无法保持原有表面。另一方面,骺端表面受到的影响较小,经过补水并考虑到骨骼周围的软组织,几乎可以完全恢复。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology MEDICINE, LEGAL-PATHOLOGY
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology encompasses all aspects of modern day forensics, equally applying to children or adults, either living or the deceased. This includes forensic science, medicine, nursing, and pathology, as well as toxicology, human identification, mass disasters/mass war graves, profiling, imaging, policing, wound assessment, sexual assault, anthropology, archeology, forensic search, entomology, botany, biology, veterinary pathology, and DNA. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology presents a balance of forensic research and reviews from around the world to reflect modern advances through peer-reviewed papers, short communications, meeting proceedings and case reports.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信