Cyanotoxin accumulation and growth patterns of biocrust communities under variable environmental conditions

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY
Aspassia D. Chatziefthimiou , James S. Metcalf , William B. Glover , James T. Powell , Sandra A. Banack , Paul A. Cox , Moncef Ladjimi , Ali A. Sultan , Hiam Chemaitelly , Renee A. Richer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biocrusts dominate the soil surface in deserts and are composed of diverse microbial communities that provide important ecosystem services. Cyanobacteria in biocrusts produce many secondary metabolites, including the neurotoxins BMAA, AEG, DAB, anatoxin-a(S) (guanitoxin), and the microcystin hepatotoxins, all known or suspected to cause disease or illness in humans and other animals. We examined cyanobacterial growth and prevalence of these toxins in biocrusts at millimeter-scales, under a desert-relevant illumination gradient. In contrast to previous work, we showed that hydration had an overall positive effect on growth and toxin accumulation, that nitrogen was not correlated with growth or toxin production, and that phosphorus enrichment negatively affected AEG and BMAA concentrations. Excess illumination positively correlated with AEG, and negatively correlated with all other toxins and growth. Basic pH negatively affected only the accumulation of BMAA. Anatoxin-a(S) (guanitoxin) was not correlated with any tested variables, while microcystins were not detected in any of the samples. Concerning toxin pools, AEG and BMAA were good predictors of the presence of one another. In a newly conceptualized scheme, we integrate aspects of biocrust growth and toxin pool accumulations with arid-relevant desertification drivers.

Abstract Image

不同环境条件下生物群落的蓝藻毒素积累和生长模式
生物簇在沙漠的土壤表面占主导地位,由多种微生物群落组成,提供重要的生态系统服务。生物簇中的蓝藻会产生许多次级代谢产物,包括神经毒素 BMAA、AEG、DAB、anatoxin-a(S)(胍基毒素)和微囊藻毒素肝毒素,所有这些毒素都已知或怀疑会导致人类和其他动物患病。我们在沙漠相关的光照梯度下,以毫米尺度研究了蓝藻的生长情况以及这些毒素在生物簇中的流行情况。与之前的研究不同,我们发现水合作用对蓝藻的生长和毒素积累有全面的积极影响,氮与蓝藻的生长或毒素产生无关,而磷的富集对蓝藻脑苷脂(AEG)和蓝藻生物氨(BMAA)的浓度有负面影响。过度光照与 AEG 呈正相关,而与所有其他毒素和生长呈负相关。碱性 pH 只对 BMAA 的积累产生负面影响。Anatoxin-a(S) (鸟苷酸毒素)与任何测试变量均无相关性,而在任何样本中均未检测到微囊藻毒素。关于毒素库,AEG 和 BMAA 可以很好地预测毒素库中是否存在毒素。在一个新的概念化方案中,我们将生物簇生长和毒素池积累的各个方面与干旱相关的荒漠化驱动因素结合起来。
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来源期刊
Toxicon: X
Toxicon: X Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
14 weeks
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