Associations between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Carolyn W. Kinkade , Lauren M. Aleksunes , Anita Brinker , Brian Buckley , Jessica Brunner , Christina Wang , Richard K. Miller , Thomas G. O'Connor , Zorimar Rivera-Núñez , Emily S. Barrett
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a fungal-derived toxin found in global food supplies including cereal grains and processed foods, impacting populations worldwide through diet. Because the chemical structure of ZEN and metabolites closely resembles 17β-estradiol (E2), they interact with estrogen receptors α/β earning their designation as ‘mycoestrogens’. In animal models, gestational exposure to mycoestrogens disrupts estrogen activity and impairs fetal growth. Here, our objective was to evaluate relationships between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal circulation and cord blood for the first time in humans. In each trimester, pregnant participants in the UPSIDE study (n = 297) provided urine for mycoestrogen analysis and serum for hormone analysis. At birth, placental mycoestrogens and cord steroids were measured. We fitted longitudinal models examining log-transformed mycoestrogen concentrations in relation to log-transformed hormones, adjusting for covariates. Secondarily, multivariable linear models examined associations at each time point (1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters, delivery). We additionally considered effect modification by fetal sex. ZEN and its metabolite, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), were detected in >93% and >75% of urine samples; >80% of placentas had detectable mycoestrogens. Longitudinal models from the full cohort exhibited few significant associations. In sex-stratified analyses, in pregnancies with male fetuses, estrone (E1) and free testosterone (fT) were inversely associated with ZEN (E1 %Δ: −6.68 95%CI: −12.34, −0.65; fT %Δ: −3.22 95%CI: −5.68, −0.70); while α-ZOL was positively associated with E2 (%Δ: 5.61 95%CI: −1.54, 9.85) in pregnancies with female fetuses. In analysis with cord hormones, urinary mycoestrogens were inversely associated with androstenedione (%Δ: 9.15 95%CI: 14.64, −3.30) in both sexes, and placental mycoestrogens were positively associated with cord fT (%Δ: 37.13, 95%CI: 4.86, 79.34) amongst male offspring. Findings support the hypothesis that mycoestrogens act as endocrine disruptors in humans, as in animal models and livestock. Additional work is needed to understand impacts on maternal and child health.

UPSIDE 妊娠队列中雌激素暴露与母体血清和脐带血中性激素浓度之间的关系
玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)是一种从真菌中提取的毒素,存在于包括谷物和加工食品在内的全球食品供应中,通过饮食影响着全球人口。由于玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢物的化学结构与 17β-estradiol (E2) 非常相似,因此它们会与雌激素受体 α/β 发生作用,从而被称为 "雌激素"。在动物模型中,妊娠期接触肌醇雌激素会破坏雌激素活性并损害胎儿生长。在这里,我们的目的是首次在人类中评估暴露于霉变雌激素与母体循环和脐带血中性激素浓度之间的关系。在每个孕期,UPSIDE 研究中的孕妇(n = 297)都会提供尿液进行雌激素分析,并提供血清进行激素分析。胎儿出生时,胎盘中的肌醇雌激素和脐带类固醇也被测定。我们建立了纵向模型,在对协变因素进行调整的基础上,检验对数变换后的肌醇浓度与对数变换后的激素的关系。其次,多变量线性模型检验了每个时间点(第一、第二、第三孕期,分娩)的相关性。此外,我们还考虑了胎儿性别对效果的影响。93%的尿样和75%的尿样中检测到ZEN及其代谢物α-玉米赤霉烯醇(α-ZOL);80%的胎盘中检测到肌醇。整个队列的纵向模型几乎没有显示出明显的关联。在性别分层分析中,在男性胎儿妊娠中,雌酮(E1)和游离睾酮(fT)与ZEN成反比(E1 %Δ:-6.68 95%CI:-12.34,-0.65;fT %Δ:-3.22 95%CI:-5.68,-0.70);而在女性胎儿妊娠中,α-ZOL与E2成正比(%Δ:5.61 95%CI:-1.54,9.85)。在对脐带激素进行分析时,男女胎儿尿中的绵雌激素与雄烯二酮呈反向关系(%Δ:9.15 95%CI:14.64,-3.30),而在男性胎儿中,胎盘绵雌激素与脐带绒毛膜促性腺激素呈正向关系(%Δ:37.13,95%CI:4.86,79.34)。研究结果支持这样的假设:与动物模型和家畜一样,霉变雌激素在人体内也起着干扰内分泌的作用。要了解其对母婴健康的影响,还需要做更多的工作。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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