Modified method for tracheoesophageal fistula closure in intractable cases

Abstract

Objective

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is one of the most established methods for voice reacquisition following total laryngectomy. The most difficult complication following TEP is the management of saliva leakage or secretion into the trachea due to TE fistula enlargement. In this study, we devised a new strategy to close TE fistulas and confirmed its safety and effectiveness.

Methods

Skin incision: If the tracheal mucosa around the voice prosthesis appears intact and normal, an arcuate incision, from 10 to 2 o'clock, is made on the skin 5 mm superior to the edge of the stoma. However, if the surrounding tracheal mucosa is fragile because of leaking, the incision is made on the superior edge of the stoma, with later reconstruction of the posterior tracheal wall. Separation of the trachea and esophagus: If the esophagotracheal spatium appears normal and is easy to dissect, the connective pipes can be found easily. After cutting the pipe, a ligature alone is sufficient for the tracheal side; however, the esophageal wall is closed with Gambee sutures. If the esophagotracheal spatium is compromised and the posterior tracheal wall is fragile (due to saliva leakage), we remove the posterior wall and reconstruct the area using the superior skin flap. We performed our novel method on four patients with intractable conditions; postradiotherapy for laryngeal cancer, total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy (TPLE) with jejunum reconstruction, TPLE with gastric lifting reconstruction, and in a patient who underwent cervicothoracic incisional drainage for descending necrotizing mediastinitis.

Results

None of the cases showed postoperative leakage from the fistula, and oral intake was resumed without difficulty.

Conclusion

This study showed that this strategy based on TE fistula conditions is effective even in difficult-to-treat cases.