Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells.

IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Qiang Zhang, Guanhu Yang, Yuan Luo, Lai Jiang, Hao Chi, Gang Tian
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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.

阿尔茨海默病的神经炎症:外周免疫细胞的启示。
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种严重的脑部疾病,其特征是存在β-淀粉样蛋白斑块、tau病理学、炎症、神经变性和脑血管功能障碍。慢性神经炎症的存在、血脑屏障(BBB)的破坏以及炎症介质水平的升高是阿尔茨海默病发病机制的核心。这些因素会促进免疫细胞渗入大脑,可能会加重 AD 患者的临床症状和神经元死亡。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(CNS)的常驻免疫细胞,在渐冻症中起着至关重要的作用,而最近的证据表明,在渐冻症中,包括中性粒细胞、T 淋巴细胞、B 淋巴细胞、NK 细胞和单核细胞在内的外周免疫细胞浸润了脑血管和脑实质。这些细胞参与免疫和炎症的调节,预计将在未来的免疫疗法中发挥巨大作用。鉴于外周免疫细胞在AD中的关键作用,本文试图全面概述它们对该病神经炎症的贡献。了解这些细胞在神经炎症反应中的作用,对于开发新的诊断标志物和治疗靶点以提高 AD 患者的诊断和治疗效果至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Immunity & Ageing
Immunity & Ageing GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
3.80%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Immunity & Ageing is a specialist open access journal that was first published in 2004. The journal focuses on the impact of ageing on immune systems, the influence of aged immune systems on organismal well-being and longevity, age-associated diseases with immune etiology, and potential immune interventions to increase health span. All articles published in Immunity & Ageing are indexed in the following databases: Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS, CAS, Citebase, DOAJ, Embase, Google Scholar, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, OAIster, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCImago, Scopus, SOCOLAR, and Zetoc.
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