Visual processing and decision-making in autism and dyslexia: Insights from cross-syndrome approaches.

IF 1.5 3区 心理学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY
Catherine Manning
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Atypical visual processing has been reported in developmental conditions like autism and dyslexia, and some accounts propose a causal role for visual processing in the development of these conditions. However, few studies make direct comparisons between conditions, or use sufficiently sensitive methods, meaning that it is hard to say whether atypical visual processing tells us anything specific about these conditions, or whether it reflects a more general marker of atypical development. Here I review findings from two computational modelling approaches (equivalent noise and diffusion modelling) and related electroencephalography (EEG) indices which we have applied to data from autistic, dyslexic and typically developing children to reveal how the component processes involved in visual processing and decision-making are altered in autism and dyslexia. The results identify both areas of convergence and divergence in autistic and dyslexic children's visual processing and decision-making, with implications for influential theoretical accounts such as weak central coherence, increased internal noise, and dorsal-stream vulnerability. In both sets of studies, we also see considerable variability across children in all three groups. To better understand this variability, and further understand the convergence and divergence identified between conditions, future studies would benefit from studying how the component processes reviewed here relate to transdiagnostic dimensions, which will also give insights into individual differences in visual processing and decision-making more generally.

表达:自闭症和阅读障碍的视觉处理和决策:跨综合症方法的启示。
据报道,自闭症和阅读障碍等发育性疾病中都存在不典型的视觉处理过程,有些说法认为视觉处理过程在这些疾病的发展中起着因果作用。然而,很少有研究对不同情况进行直接比较,或使用足够敏感的方法,这意味着很难说非典型视觉处理是否能告诉我们这些情况的具体信息,或者它是否反映了非典型发育的一个更普遍的标志。在此,我将回顾两种计算建模方法(等效噪声建模和扩散建模)和相关脑电图(EEG)指数的研究结果,我们将这些方法应用于自闭症、阅读障碍和发育典型儿童的数据,以揭示自闭症和阅读障碍儿童的视觉处理和决策过程是如何发生变化的。研究结果发现,自闭症儿童和阅读障碍儿童的视觉处理和决策过程既有趋同的地方,也有分歧的地方,这对一些有影响力的理论观点产生了影响,如中心一致性弱、内部噪声增加和背流脆弱性等。在这两组研究中,我们还发现所有三组儿童之间存在相当大的差异。为了更好地理解这种变异性,并进一步理解不同情况下的趋同性和差异性,未来的研究将从研究本文所回顾的组成过程与跨诊断维度的关系中获益,这也将更广泛地揭示视觉加工和决策中的个体差异。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.90%
发文量
178
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Promoting the interests of scientific psychology and its researchers, QJEP, the journal of the Experimental Psychology Society, is a leading journal with a long-standing tradition of publishing cutting-edge research. Several articles have become classic papers in the fields of attention, perception, learning, memory, language, and reasoning. The journal publishes original articles on any topic within the field of experimental psychology (including comparative research). These include substantial experimental reports, review papers, rapid communications (reporting novel techniques or ground breaking results), comments (on articles previously published in QJEP or on issues of general interest to experimental psychologists), and book reviews. Experimental results are welcomed from all relevant techniques, including behavioural testing, brain imaging and computational modelling. QJEP offers a competitive publication time-scale. Accepted Rapid Communications have priority in the publication cycle and usually appear in print within three months. We aim to publish all accepted (but uncorrected) articles online within seven days. Our Latest Articles page offers immediate publication of articles upon reaching their final form. The journal offers an open access option called Open Select, enabling authors to meet funder requirements to make their article free to read online for all in perpetuity. Authors also benefit from a broad and diverse subscription base that delivers the journal contents to a world-wide readership. Together these features ensure that the journal offers authors the opportunity to raise the visibility of their work to a global audience.
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