An integrative sensor of body states: how the mushroom body modulates behavior depending on physiological context.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES
Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-14 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1101/lm.053918.124
Raquel Suárez-Grimalt, Ilona C Grunwald Kadow, Lisa Scheunemann
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The brain constantly compares past and present experiences to predict the future, thereby enabling instantaneous and future behavioral adjustments. Integration of external information with the animal's current internal needs and behavioral state represents a key challenge of the nervous system. Recent advancements in dissecting the function of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) at the single-cell level have uncovered its three-layered logic and parallel systems conveying positive and negative values during associative learning. This review explores a lesser-known role of the MB in detecting and integrating body states such as hunger, thirst, and sleep, ultimately modulating motivation and sensory-driven decisions based on the physiological state of the fly. State-dependent signals predominantly affect the activity of modulatory MB input neurons (dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and octopaminergic), but also induce plastic changes directly at the level of the MB intrinsic and output neurons. Thus, the MB emerges as a tightly regulated relay station in the insect brain, orchestrating neuroadaptations due to current internal and behavioral states leading to short- but also long-lasting changes in behavior. While these adaptations are crucial to ensure fitness and survival, recent findings also underscore how circuit motifs in the MB may reflect fundamental design principles that contribute to maladaptive behaviors such as addiction or depression-like symptoms.

身体状态的综合传感器:蘑菇体如何根据生理环境调节行为。
大脑不断比较过去和现在的经验以预测未来,从而实现即时和未来的行为调整。将外部信息与动物当前的内部需求和行为状态相结合,是神经系统面临的一项关键挑战。最近在单细胞水平剖析果蝇蘑菇体(MB)功能方面取得的进展揭示了蘑菇体的三层逻辑和在联想学习过程中传递正负值的并行系统。这篇综述探讨了蘑菇体在检测和整合饥饿、口渴和睡眠等身体状态方面鲜为人知的作用,最终根据果蝇的生理状态调节动机和感官驱动的决策。状态依赖性信号主要影响调节性甲基溴输入神经元(多巴胺能、5-羟色胺能和八巴胺能)的活动,但也会直接诱导甲基溴内在和输出神经元水平的可塑性变化。因此,甲基溴成为昆虫大脑中一个受到严格调控的中继站,根据当前的内部和行为状态协调神经适应,从而导致行为发生短期但持久的变化。虽然这些适应性对确保适应性和生存至关重要,但最近的研究结果也强调了甲基溴中的电路图案可能反映了基本的设计原则,这些原则会导致成瘾或类似抑郁症状等不适应行为。
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来源期刊
Learning & memory
Learning & memory 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The neurobiology of learning and memory is entering a new interdisciplinary era. Advances in neuropsychology have identified regions of brain tissue that are critical for certain types of function. Electrophysiological techniques have revealed behavioral correlates of neuronal activity. Studies of synaptic plasticity suggest that some mechanisms of memory formation may resemble those of neural development. And molecular approaches have identified genes with patterns of expression that influence behavior. It is clear that future progress depends on interdisciplinary investigations. The current literature of learning and memory is large but fragmented. Until now, there has been no single journal devoted to this area of study and no dominant journal that demands attention by serious workers in the area, regardless of specialty. Learning & Memory provides a forum for these investigations in the form of research papers and review articles.
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