Co-firing ammonia and hydrogen with butane under methane-equivalent calorific value and Wobbe index: Insights into transition in flame propagation and swirl flame characteristics

IF 5.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105352

Wei Li, Jun Fang, Yi Zhang, Zhongya Xi, Jianguo Zhang, Songlin Liu, Qiying Zhang, Tianyou Lian, Yuyang Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fuel flexibility stands as a critical requirement for the development of combustors in future carbon-free energy systems. Carbon-free fuels including ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen (H₂) are substantial supports for achieving this target, raising strong needs to counterbalance their distinct fuel thermochemical properties from methane (CH₄), such as volumetric calorific value (CV) and Wobbe index (WI). In this work, butane (C₄H₁₀) which is an emerging renewable synthetic fuel is proposed to co-fire NH₃ and H₂ under methane-equivalent calorific value (MECV) and Wobbe index (MEWI). Laminar flame propagation of NH₃/H₂/C₄H₁₀ mixtures under MECV and MEWI are investigated in a cylindrical constant-volume combustion vessel. C₄H₁₀ co-firing can simultaneously tune the fuel thermochemical properties to CH₄ levels and regulate the laminar flame propagation of NH₃ and H₂. Kinetic simulation and modeling analysis are performed to provide insights into the dominant kinetics and transition in laminar flame propagation. CV-compensated transition variables can generally well constrain the transition profiles of laminar burning velocity (LBV), while WI-compensated transition variables can linearize the transition profile from NH₃ to C₄H₁₀ but meet challenges in constraining the transition profiles of H₂-blending mixtures. Chemical effects are found to play the dominant role in the transition of laminar flame propagation, while thermal effects also have positive contributions. Test experiments in a gas turbine model combustor are also conducted to assess the swirl flame characteristics of NH₃/H₂/C₄H₁₀ mixtures under MECV and MEWI. The measured swirl flame morphologies and lean blowout limits indicate enhanced fuel reactivity and flame stability with the transition in fuel content, which is in accordance with the observed trends in LBV. Furthermore, comparison with CH₄ provides a comprehensive evaluation of NH₃/H₂/C₄H₁₀ mixtures from the aspects of combustion characteristics and thermochemistry.

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在甲烷当量热值和沃贝指数条件下将氨和氢与丁烷共同燃烧：洞察火焰传播和漩涡火焰特性的转变

燃料灵活性是未来无碳能源系统中燃烧器发展的关键要求。包括氨（NH3）和氢（H2）在内的无碳燃料是实现这一目标的重要支持，但同时也提出了强烈的需求，以平衡它们与甲烷（CH4）不同的燃料热化学性质，如体积热值（CV）和沃伯指数（WI）。在这项研究中，丁烷（C4H10）作为一种新兴的可再生合成燃料，被提议在甲烷当量热值（MECV）和沃伯指数（MEWI）条件下与 NH3 和 H2 共同燃烧。研究了 NH3/H2/C4H10 混合物在 MECV 和 MEWI 条件下在圆柱形恒容燃烧容器中的层状火焰传播。C4H10 协同燃烧可同时调整燃料热化学性质至 CH4 水平，并调节 NH3 和 H2 的层流火焰传播。通过动力学模拟和建模分析，可以深入了解层流火焰传播过程中的主要动力学和过渡。CV 补偿过渡变量一般可以很好地约束层燃速度（LBV）的过渡曲线，而 WI 补偿过渡变量可以线性化 NH3 到 C4H10 的过渡曲线，但在约束 H2 混合混合物的过渡曲线方面遇到了挑战。研究发现，化学效应在层流火焰传播的过渡过程中起主导作用，而热效应也有积极作用。还在燃气轮机模型燃烧器中进行了测试实验，以评估 NH3/H2/C4H10 混合物在 MECV 和 MEWI 条件下的漩涡火焰特性。测量到的漩涡火焰形态和贫喷极限表明，随着燃料含量的变化，燃料反应性和火焰稳定性都有所提高，这与观察到的低压燃烧趋势一致。此外，通过与 CH4 的比较，可以从燃烧特性和热化学方面对 NH3/H2/C4H10 混合物进行全面评估。

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来源期刊

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

420

审稿时长

3.0 months

期刊介绍： The Proceedings of the Combustion Institute contains forefront contributions in fundamentals and applications of combustion science. For more than 50 years, the Combustion Institute has served as the peak international society for dissemination of scientific and technical research in the combustion field. In addition to author submissions, the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute includes the Institute''s prestigious invited strategic and topical reviews that represent indispensable resources for emergent research in the field. All papers are subjected to rigorous peer review. Research papers and invited topical reviews; Reaction Kinetics; Soot, PAH, and other large molecules; Diagnostics; Laminar Flames; Turbulent Flames; Heterogeneous Combustion; Spray and Droplet Combustion; Detonations, Explosions & Supersonic Combustion; Fire Research; Stationary Combustion Systems; IC Engine and Gas Turbine Combustion; New Technology Concepts The electronic version of Proceedings of the Combustion Institute contains supplemental material such as reaction mechanisms, illustrating movies, and other data.