Phosphonium chloride-based deep eutectic solvents inhibit pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype.

IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Noor Akbar, Amir Sada Khan, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Taleb Hassan Ibrahim, Mustafa I Khamis, Bader S Alawfi, Bassam M Al-Ahmadi, Naveed Ahmed Khan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Herein, we investigated the anti-amoebic activity of phosphonium-chloride-based deep eutectic solvents against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Deep eutectic solvents are ionic fluids composed of two or three substances, capable of self-association to form a eutectic mixture with a melting point lower than each substance. In this study, three distinct hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents were formulated, employing trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and aspirin, dodecanoic acid, and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid as the hydrogen bond donors. Subsequently, all three deep eutectic solvents, denoted as DES1, DES2, DES3 formulations, underwent investigations comprising amoebicidal, adhesion, excystation, cytotoxicity, and cytopathogenicity assays. The findings revealed that DES2 was the most potent anti-amoebic agent, with a 94% elimination rate against the amoebae within 24 h at 30 °C. Adhesion assays revealed that deep eutectic solvents hindered amoebae adhesion to human brain endothelial cells, with DES2 exhibiting 88% reduction of adhesion. Notably, DES3 exhibited remarkable anti-excystation properties, preventing 94% of cysts from reverting to trophozoites. In cytopathogenicity experiments, deep eutectic solvent formulations and dodecanoic acid alone reduced amoebae-induced human brain endothelial cell death, with DES2 showing the highest effects. Lactate dehydrogenase assays revealed the minimal cytotoxicity of the tested deep eutectic solvents, with the exception of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, which exhibited 35% endothelial cell damage. These findings underscore the potential of specific deep eutectic solvents in combating pathogenic Acanthamoeba, presenting promising avenues for further research and development against free-living amoebae.

Abstract Image

基于氯化鏻的深共晶溶剂对属于 T4 基因型的致病性卡斯特阿米巴有抑制作用。
在此,我们研究了以氯化鏻为基础的深共晶溶剂对 T4 基因型致病性卡斯特阿米巴的抗阿米巴活性。深共晶溶剂是由两种或三种物质组成的离子液体,能够自结合形成熔点低于每种物质的共晶混合物。本研究采用三己基十四烷基氯化鏻作为氢键受体,阿司匹林、十二酸和 4-叔丁基苯甲酸作为氢键供体,配制了三种不同的疏水性深共晶溶剂。随后,对这三种深共晶溶剂(分别称为 DES1、DES2 和 DES3 配方)进行了研究,包括阿米巴杀灭试验、粘附试验、外寄生试验、细胞毒性试验和细胞致病性试验。研究结果表明,DES2 是最有效的抗阿米巴剂,在 30 °C、24 小时内对阿米巴的清除率达 94%。粘附试验显示,深共晶溶剂可阻止变形虫粘附到人脑内皮细胞,其中DES2的粘附率降低了88%。值得注意的是,DES3 具有显著的抗囊变性,可防止 94% 的囊变为滋养体。在细胞致病性实验中,深共晶溶剂配方和十二酸单独使用可减少阿米巴诱导的人脑内皮细胞死亡,其中 DES2 的效果最好。乳酸脱氢酶测定显示,受测深共晶溶剂的细胞毒性最小,但三己基十四烷基氯化鏻除外,其内皮细胞损伤率为 35%。这些发现强调了特定深共晶溶剂在抗致病性阿卡阿米巴方面的潜力,为进一步研究和开发抗自由生活阿米巴提供了广阔的前景。
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来源期刊
Folia microbiologica
Folia microbiologica 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Unlike journals which specialize ever more narrowly, Folia Microbiologica (FM) takes an open approach that spans general, soil, medical and industrial microbiology, plus some branches of immunology. This English-language journal publishes original papers, reviews and mini-reviews, short communications and book reviews. The coverage includes cutting-edge methods and promising new topics, as well as studies using established methods that exhibit promise in practical applications such as medicine, animal husbandry and more. The coverage of FM is expanding beyond Central and Eastern Europe, with a growing proportion of its contents contributed by international authors.
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