Lipid droplets control the negative effect of non-yeast sterols in membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under hypoxic stress

IF 3.9 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Lívia Petrisková , Marie Kodedová , Mária Balážová , Hana Sychrová , Martin Valachovič
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Abstract

The effectivity of utilization of exogenous sterols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to hypoxic stress is dependent on the sterol structure. The highly imported sterols include animal cholesterol or plant sitosterol, while ergosterol, typical of yeasts, is imported to a lesser extent. An elevated utilization of non-yeast sterols is associated with their high esterification and relocalization to lipid droplets (LDs). Here we present data showing that LDs and sterol esterification play a critical role in the regulation of the accumulation of non-yeast sterols in membranes. Failure to form LDs during anaerobic growth in media supplemented with cholesterol or sitosterol resulted in an extremely long lag phase, in contrast to normal growth in media with ergosterol or plant stigmasterol. Moreover, in hem1∆, which mimics anaerobiosis, neither cholesterol nor sitosterol supported the growth in an LD-less background. The incorporation of non-ergosterol sterols into the membranes affected fundamental membrane characteristics such as relative membrane potential, permeability, tolerance to osmotic stress and the formation of membrane domains. Our findings reveal that LDs assume an important role in scenarios wherein cells are dependent on the utilization of exogenous lipids, particularly under anoxia. Given the diverse lipid structures present in yeast niches, LDs fulfil a protective role, mitigating the risk of excessive accumulation of potentially toxic steroids and fatty acids in the membranes. Finally, we present a novel function for sterols in a model eukaryotic cell – alleviation of the lipotoxicity of unsaturated fatty acids.

脂滴可控制缺氧胁迫下酵母膜中的非酵母固醇的负面影响。
缺氧胁迫下的酿酒酵母对外源固醇的利用效率取决于固醇的结构。输入量大的固醇包括动物胆固醇或植物固醇,而酵母典型的麦角固醇输入量较小。非酵母固醇的高利用率与其高度酯化和重新定位到脂滴(LDs)有关。我们在此提供的数据表明,LDs 和固醇酯化在调节膜中非酵母固醇的积累方面起着关键作用。在补充了胆固醇或谷甾醇的培养基中进行厌氧生长时,如果不能形成 LDs,就会导致极长的滞后期,这与在麦角甾醇或植物豆固醇培养基中的正常生长形成了鲜明对比。此外,在模拟无氧状态的 hem1∆ 中,胆固醇和谷甾醇都不能支持无 LD 背景下的生长。将非麦角甾醇纳入膜中会影响膜的基本特征,如相对膜电位、渗透性、对渗透压的耐受性以及膜域的形成。我们的研究结果表明,在细胞依赖利用外源脂质的情况下,特别是在缺氧状态下,低密度脂质发挥着重要作用。鉴于酵母壁龛中存在多种多样的脂质结构,LDs 起到了保护作用,可降低膜中可能有毒的类固醇和脂肪酸过度积累的风险。最后,我们介绍了固醇在真核细胞模型中的一种新功能--减轻不饱和脂肪酸的脂毒性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
2.10%
发文量
109
审稿时长
53 days
期刊介绍: BBA Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids publishes papers on original research dealing with novel aspects of molecular genetics related to the lipidome, the biosynthesis of lipids, the role of lipids in cells and whole organisms, the regulation of lipid metabolism and function, and lipidomics in all organisms. Manuscripts should significantly advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes in which lipids are involved. Papers detailing novel methodology must report significant biochemical, molecular, or functional insight in the area of lipids.
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