The emerging role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in immunopathophysiology: A comprehensive review of their effects and responsiveness in various disease states.

IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
International Reviews of Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI:10.1080/08830185.2024.2364586
Manoj Khokhar, Purvi Purohit
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Th9 cells, a subset of T-helper cells producing interleukin-9 (IL-9), play a vital role in the adaptive immune response and have diverse effects in different diseases. Regulated by transcription factors like PU.1 and IRF4, and cytokines such as IL-4 and TGF-β, Th9 cells drive tissue inflammation. This review focuses on their emerging role in immunopathophysiology. Th9 cells exhibit immune-mediated cancer cell destruction, showing promise in glioma and cervical cancer treatment. However, their role in breast and lung cancer is intricate, requiring a deeper understanding of pro- and anti-tumor aspects. Th9 cells, along with IL-9, foster T cell and immune cell proliferation, contributing to autoimmune disorders. They are implicated in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and infections. In allergic reactions and asthma, Th9 cells fuel pro-inflammatory responses. Targeting Foxo1 may regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, alleviating disease symptoms. This comprehensive review outlines Th9 cells' evolving immunopathophysiological role, emphasizing the necessity for further research to grasp their effects and potential therapeutic applications across diseases.

T 辅助细胞 9 (Th9) 在免疫病理生理学中的新作用:全面回顾它们在各种疾病状态中的作用和反应。
Th9细胞是产生白细胞介素-9(IL-9)的T辅助细胞亚群,在适应性免疫反应中发挥着重要作用,并对不同疾病产生不同影响。在 PU.1 和 IRF4 等转录因子以及 IL-4 和 TGF-β 等细胞因子的调控下,Th9 细胞驱动组织炎症。本综述将重点讨论它们在免疫病理生理学中新出现的作用。Th9 细胞具有免疫介导的癌细胞破坏作用,在胶质瘤和宫颈癌治疗中大有可为。然而,Th9 细胞在乳腺癌和肺癌中的作用错综复杂,需要对其促癌和抗癌方面有更深入的了解。Th9细胞与IL-9一起促进T细胞和免疫细胞增殖,导致自身免疫性疾病。它们与牛皮癣、特应性皮炎和感染有关。在过敏反应和哮喘中,Th9 细胞会助长促炎反应。靶向 Foxo1 可调节先天性和适应性免疫反应,减轻疾病症状。这篇全面的综述概述了 Th9 细胞不断演变的免疫病理生理学作用,强调了进一步研究的必要性,以掌握它们在各种疾病中的作用和潜在治疗应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
4.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: This review journal provides the most current information on basic and translational research in immunology and related fields. In addition to invited reviews, the journal accepts for publication articles and editorials on relevant topics proposed by contributors. Each issue of International Reviews of Immunology contains both solicited and unsolicited review articles, editorials, and ''In-this-Issue'' highlights. The journal also hosts reviews that position the authors'' original work relative to advances in a given field, bridging the gap between annual reviews and the original research articles. This review series is relevant to all immunologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, translational scientists, industry researchers, and physicians who work in basic and clinical immunology, inflammatory and allergic diseases, vaccines, and additional topics relevant to medical research and drug development that connect immunology to disciplines such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Covered in International Reviews of Immunology: Basic and developmental immunology (innate and adaptive immunity; inflammation; and tumor and microbial immunology); Clinical research (mechanisms of disease in man pertaining to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, oncology / immunology); and Translational research (relevant to biomarkers, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug development).
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