Heterogeneous selectivity and morphological evolution of marine clades during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction

IF 13.9 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Xiaokang Liu, Haijun Song, Daoliang Chu, Xu Dai, Fengyu Wang, Daniele Silvestro
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Abstract

Morphological disparity and taxonomic diversity are distinct measures of biodiversity, typically expected to evolve synergistically. However, evidence from mass extinctions indicates that they can be decoupled, and while mass extinctions lead to a drastic loss of diversity, their impact on disparity remains unclear. Here we evaluate the dynamics of morphological disparity and extinction selectivity across the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. We developed an automated approach, termed DeepMorph, for the extraction of morphological features from fossil images using a deep learning model and applied it to a high-resolution temporal dataset encompassing 599 genera across six marine clades. Ammonoids, brachiopods and ostracods experienced a selective loss of complex and ornamented forms, while bivalves, gastropods and conodonts did not experience morphologically selective extinctions. The presence and intensity of morphological selectivity probably reflect the variations in environmental tolerance thresholds among different clades. In clades affected by selective extinctions, the intensity of diversity loss promoted the loss of morphological disparity. Conversely, under non-selective extinctions, the magnitude of diversity loss had a negligible impact on disparity. Our results highlight that the Permian–Triassic mass extinction had heterogeneous morphological selective impacts across clades, offering new insights into how mass extinctions can reshape biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Using a deep learning method that extracts morphological features from images of marine fossils, the authors explore morphological disparity dynamics over a time series of 4 million years, spanning the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝期间海洋支系的异质选择性和形态演化
形态差异和分类多样性是衡量生物多样性的不同指标,通常被认为是协同进化的。然而,生物大灭绝的证据表明,这两者是可以分离的,虽然生物大灭绝会导致多样性的急剧丧失,但它们对差异的影响仍不清楚。在这里,我们评估了二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝期间形态差异和灭绝选择性的动态变化。我们开发了一种名为 DeepMorph 的自动方法,利用深度学习模型从化石图像中提取形态特征,并将其应用于一个高分辨率的时间数据集,该数据集涵盖了六个海洋支系的 599 个属。monoids、腕足动物和梭形纲动物经历了复杂和装饰性形态的选择性灭绝,而双壳类动物、腹足类动物和锥齿类动物没有经历形态选择性灭绝。形态选择性的存在和强度可能反映了不同类群之间环境耐受阈值的差异。在受到选择性灭绝影响的类群中,多样性丧失的强度促进了形态差异的丧失。相反,在非选择性灭绝的情况下,多样性丧失的程度对差异的影响微乎其微。我们的研究结果表明,二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝对不同支系的形态选择性影响是不同的,这为我们重新认识大灭绝如何重塑生物多样性和生态系统结构提供了新的视角。
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来源期刊
Nature ecology & evolution
Nature ecology & evolution Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
22.20
自引率
2.40%
发文量
282
期刊介绍: Nature Ecology & Evolution is interested in the full spectrum of ecological and evolutionary biology, encompassing approaches at the molecular, organismal, population, community and ecosystem levels, as well as relevant parts of the social sciences. Nature Ecology & Evolution provides a place where all researchers and policymakers interested in all aspects of life's diversity can come together to learn about the most accomplished and significant advances in the field and to discuss topical issues. An online-only monthly journal, our broad scope ensures that the research published reaches the widest possible audience of scientists.
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