The interplay between spatial and non-spatial grouping cues over approximate number perception

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Andrea Adriano, Lorenzo Ciccione
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Abstract

Humans and animals share the cognitive ability to quickly extract approximate number information from sets. Main psychophysical models suggest that visual approximate numerosity relies on segmented units, which can be affected by Gestalt rules. Indeed, arrays containing spatial grouping cues, such as connectedness, closure, and even symmetry, are underestimated compared to ungrouped arrays with equal low-level features. Recent evidence suggests that non-spatial cues, such as color-similarity, also trigger numerosity underestimation. However, in natural vision, several grouping cues may coexist in the scene. Notably, conjunction of grouping cues (color and closure) reduces perceived numerosity following an additive rule. To test whether the conjunction-effect holds for other Gestalt cues, we investigated the effect of connectedness and symmetry over numerosity perception both in isolation and, critically, in conjunction with luminance similarity. Participants performed a comparison-task between a reference and a test stimulus varying in numerosity. In Experiment 1, test stimuli contained two isolated groupings (connectedness or luminance), a conjunction (connectedness and luminance), and a neutral condition (no groupings). Results show that point of subjective equality was higher in both isolated grouping conditions compared to the neutral condition. Furthermore, in the conjunction condition, the biases from isolated grouping cues added linearly, resulting in a numerosity underestimation equal to the sum of the isolated biases. In Experiment 2 we found that conjunction of symmetry and luminance followed the same additive rule. These findings strongly suggest that both spatial and non-spatial isolated cues affect numerosity perception. Crucially, we show that their conjunction effect extends to symmetry and connectedness.

Abstract Image

空间和非空间分组线索对近似数感知的相互作用。
人类和动物都具有从集合中快速提取近似数字信息的认知能力。主要的心理物理模型表明,视觉近似数字信息依赖于分割单元,而分割单元会受到格式塔规则的影响。事实上,与具有相同低级特征的未分组阵列相比,含有空间分组线索(如连通性、封闭性甚至对称性)的阵列会被低估。最近的证据表明,非空间线索(如颜色相似性)也会导致数量低估。然而,在自然视觉中,场景中可能同时存在多个分组线索。值得注意的是,分组线索(颜色和封闭性)的结合会根据加法规则降低感知的数值。为了检验组合效应是否适用于其他格式塔线索,我们研究了连接性和对称性对数字感知的影响,既包括单独的影响,也包括与亮度相似性的影响。受试者在参考刺激物和测试刺激物之间进行数字差异比较任务。在实验 1 中,测试刺激包含两个孤立的分组(连通性或亮度)、一个组合(连通性和亮度)和一个中性条件(无分组)。结果显示,与中性条件相比,两种孤立分组条件下的主观平等点都更高。此外,在联合条件下,来自孤立分组线索的偏差呈线性增加,导致对数字的低估等于孤立偏差的总和。在实验 2 中,我们发现对称性和亮度的结合也遵循同样的加法规则。这些发现有力地表明,空间和非空间孤立线索都会影响数值感知。最重要的是,我们发现它们的连带效应延伸至对称性和连通性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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