Expertise and Deceptive Movements in Sport.

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Ryan Raffan, David Mann, Geert Savelsbergh
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Deceptive movements occur when an actor seeks to fake, hide or delay kinematic information about their true movement outcomes. The purpose of deceptive movements is to impair the perception of opponents (the 'observer') to gain an advantage over them. We argue though that a lack of conceptual clarity has led to confusion about what deception is and in understanding the different approaches by which an actor can deceive their opponent. The aim of this article is to outline a conceptual framework for understanding deceptive movements in sport.

Main body: Adopting Interpersonal Deception Theory from the field of communication, we define deception as when an actor deliberately alters their actions in an attempt to impair the ability of an observer to anticipate their true action outcomes. Further, deception can be achieved either by what we define as deceit, the act of providing false information, or disguise, the act of concealing the action outcome. Skilled athletes often have actions that are difficult to anticipate, but an action is only classified as containing deception if the actor has explicit intent to deceive an observer. Having outlined the conceptual framework, we then review existing empirical findings on the skilled perception of deceptive movements considering the framework. This approach includes a critical evaluation of the mechanisms known to facilitate the perceptual ability to prevent being deceived, including a consideration of visual search strategies, confidence, the contribution of visual and motor experiences, and the influence of response biases and action capabilities on perceptual performance.

Conclusion: The distinction between deceit and disguise particularly helps to show that most research has examined deceit, with little known about how an actor can more effectively disguise their action, or about how an observer can improve their ability to anticipate the outcome of disguised actions. The insights help to identify fruitful areas for future research and outline implications for skill acquisition and performance enhancement.

体育运动中的专业知识和欺骗性动作。
背景:当运动员试图伪造、隐藏或延迟有关其真实运动结果的运动学信息时,就会出现欺骗性动作。欺骗动作的目的是损害对手("观察者")的感知,从而获得优势。但我们认为,由于概念不清晰,导致人们对什么是欺骗以及演员欺骗对手的不同方法的理解出现混乱。本文旨在为理解体育运动中的欺骗动作勾勒出一个概念框架:采用传播学领域的人际欺骗理论,我们将欺骗定义为行为者故意改变自己的动作,试图削弱观察者预测其真实动作结果的能力。此外,欺骗可以通过我们所定义的欺骗(提供虚假信息的行为)或伪装(隐瞒行动结果的行为)来实现。技术娴熟的运动员通常会做出一些难以预测的动作,但只有当行为者有明确的欺骗观察者的意图时,该动作才会被归类为包含欺骗。在概述了概念框架之后,我们将根据该框架回顾现有的关于熟练感知欺骗动作的实证研究结果。这种方法包括对已知的促进防止被欺骗的感知能力的机制进行批判性评估,包括考虑视觉搜索策略、信心、视觉和运动经验的贡献,以及反应偏差和行动能力对感知表现的影响:欺骗和伪装之间的区别尤其有助于说明,大多数研究都是针对欺骗的,而对行为人如何更有效地伪装自己的行为,或观察者如何提高预测伪装行为结果的能力却知之甚少。这些见解有助于确定未来研究的富有成效的领域,并概述了对技能学习和提高表现的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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