Cumulative effects of powder beds and melted areas on pore defects in electron beam powder bed fusion of tungsten

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119971

Ju Wang , Meng Li , Huarong Zhang , Zhe Liu , Xiaodan Li , Dengzhi Yao , Yuhang Wu , Qiong Wu , Xizhong An , Shujun Li , Jian Wang , Xing Zhang

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Abstract

In this article, meso-scale simulations and modeling on the multi-layer spreading and melting of tungsten through electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) were conducted by a three-dimensional discrete element method coupled computational fluid dynamics approach. The recurring pore defects at the edge were explored, and the cooperative effects of spreading/melting parameters on the edge pores were analyzed. On this basis, the mechanism of edge pore formation was revealed, and the occurrence frequency and edge pore size were quantified. Results show that in the multi-layer printing process, the presence of concavities will cause periodic edge pores at the end of the melted area. Increasing melting power and decreasing melting velocity will reduce the occurrence frequency and increase the average size of edge pores, while high spreading velocity and reverse direction can enlarge the total area and average size of the edge pores. The obtained highlighted results are not only of theoretical significance, but also of practical value for parametric setting and optimization in the actual EB-PBF of tungsten.

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电子束粉末床熔融钨过程中粉末床和熔融区域对孔隙缺陷的累积效应

本文采用三维离散元法耦合计算流体动力学方法，对电子束粉末床熔化（EB-PBF）过程中钨的多层铺展和熔化进行了中尺度模拟和建模。探讨了边缘反复出现的孔隙缺陷，分析了铺展/熔化参数对边缘孔隙的协同效应。在此基础上，揭示了边缘孔隙的形成机理，并对其出现频率和边缘孔隙大小进行了量化。结果表明，在多层印刷过程中，凹面的存在会在熔化区域的末端造成周期性的边缘气孔。提高熔化功率和降低熔化速度会降低边缘气孔的出现频率并增大其平均尺寸，而高铺展速度和反向铺展则会扩大边缘气孔的总面积和平均尺寸。所获得的突出结果不仅具有理论意义，而且对实际钨 EB-PBF 的参数设置和优化具有实用价值。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.