Controllable heteroatoms doped electrodes engineered by biomass based carbon for advanced supercapacitors: A review

Abstract

Biomass-derived activated carbon materials have gained significant attention and are receiving considerable interest, as they have become a promising candidate for device electrodes, thanks to their unique properties for energy storage applications. Biomass based carbonaceous composites doped with heteroatoms (such as N, S, O, P, B, etc.) have shown promising potential as supercapacitor electrodes, thanks to their enhanced conductivity and surface wettability. The performance of supercapacitors assembled with biomass material-based carbon is directly linked to the doped heteroatoms within carbonaceous frameworks. In this critical review, an up-to-date overview of the latest research progress on biomass derived carbon materials with controllable heteroatom doping is provided. The goal is to highlight the impact of carbonaceous electrodes on supercapacitor properties and explore the effect of various heteroatoms in single, dual, and multi-heteroatoms doped biomass-derived carbon towards advanced electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the current challenges of biomass-based heteroatom-doped carbon for supercapacitor electrodes and future perspectives are discussed, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of the topic.