Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE
Peter Maenhout, Claudia Di Bene, Maria Luz Cayuela, Eugenio Diaz-Pines, Anton Govednik, Frida Keuper, Sara Mavsar, Rok Mihelic, Adam O'Toole, Ana Schwarzmann, Marjetka Suhadolc, Alina Syp, Elena Valkama
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Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils is an important tool for climate change mitigation within the EU soil strategy for 2030 and can be achieved via the adoption of soil management strategies (SMS). These strategies may induce synergistic effects by simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and/or nitrogen (N) leaching. In contrast, other SMS may stimulate emissions of GHG such as nitrous oxide (N2O) or methane (CH4), offsetting the climate change mitigation gained via SOC sequestration. Despite the importance of understanding trade-offs and synergies for selecting sustainable SMS for European agriculture, knowledge on these effects remains limited. This review synthesizes existing knowledge, identifies knowledge gaps and provides research recommendations on trade-offs and synergies between SOC sequestration or SOC accrual, non-CO2 GHG emissions and N leaching related to selected SMS. We investigated 87 peer-reviewed articles that address SMS and categorized them under tillage management, cropping systems, water management and fertilization and organic matter (OM) inputs. SMS, such as conservation tillage, adapted crop rotations, adapted water management, OM inputs by cover crops (CC), organic amendments (OA) and biochar, contribute to increase SOC stocks and reduce N leaching. Adoption of leguminous CC or specific cropping systems and adapted water management tend to create trade-offs by stimulating N2O emissions, while specific cropping systems or application of biochar can mitigate N2O emissions. The effect of crop residues on N2O emissions depends strongly on their C/N ratio. Organic agriculture and agroforestry clearly mitigate CH4 emissions but the impact of other SMS requires additional study. More experimental research is needed to study the impact of both the pedoclimatic conditions and the long-term dynamics of trade-offs and synergies. Researchers should simultaneously assess the impact of (multiple) agricultural SMS on SOC stocks, GHG emissions and N leaching. This review provides guidance to policymakers as well as a framework to design field experiments and model simulations, which can address knowledge gaps and non-intentional effects of applying agricultural SMS meant to increase SOC sequestration.

Abstract Image

土壤固碳的权衡与协同作用:弥补与土壤管理战略相关的知识差距
农业土壤中的土壤有机碳(SOC)固存是欧盟 2030 年土壤战略中减缓气候变化的重要工具,可通过采用土壤管理策略(SMS)来实现。这些策略可同时减少温室气体(GHG)排放和/或氮(N)沥滤,从而产生协同效应。相反,其他土壤管理策略可能会刺激温室气体(如一氧化二氮 (N2O) 或甲烷 (CH4))的排放,从而抵消通过 SOC 固碳获得的气候变化减缓效果。尽管了解权衡和协同作用对欧洲农业选择可持续的 SMS 非常重要,但有关这些影响的知识仍然有限。本综述综合了现有知识,确定了知识差距,并就与选定 SMS 相关的 SOC 固碳或 SOC 累积、非二氧化碳温室气体排放和氮沥滤之间的权衡与协同作用提出了研究建议。我们调查了 87 篇涉及 SMS 的同行评审文章,并将其归类为耕作管理、耕作制度、水管理、施肥和有机质 (OM) 投入。保护性耕作、适应性轮作、适应性水管理、通过覆盖作物(CC)、有机添加剂(OA)和生物炭投入 OM 等 SMS 有助于增加 SOC 储量和减少氮沥滤。采用豆科作物(CC)或特定的耕作制度和适应性水管理往往会刺激一氧化二氮的排放,从而造成权衡,而特定的耕作制度或生物炭的应用则可减少一氧化二氮的排放。作物残留物对 N2O 排放的影响在很大程度上取决于其 C/N 比率。有机农业和农林业明显减少了甲烷的排放,但其他 SMS 的影响还需要进一步研究。需要进行更多的实验研究,以研究气候条件以及权衡和协同作用的长期动态的影响。研究人员应同时评估(多种)农业 SMS 对 SOC 储量、温室气体排放和氮沥滤的影响。本综述为政策制定者提供了指导,也为设计田间试验和模型模拟提供了框架,这些试验和模型模拟可解决知识差距问题,以及应用旨在增加 SOC 固存的农业 SMS 的非故意影响问题。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Science
European Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: The EJSS is an international journal that publishes outstanding papers in soil science that advance the theoretical and mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions in soils acting from molecular to continental scales in natural and managed environments.
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