Base metals recovery from waste printed circuit board leachate using biogenic hydrogen sulfide gas

IF 4.8 2区 材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
Jonovan Van Yken , Naomi J. Boxall , Ka Yu Cheng , Aleksandar N. Nikoloski , Navid R. Moheimani , Anna H. Kaksonen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Electronic waste, or e-waste, represents one of the rapidly expanding categories of waste worldwide. By 2019, the global production of e-waste had surged to 53.6 million tons. Due to its substantial metal content, e-waste holds significant financial value, estimated at US$57 billion globally in 2019, predominantly concentrated in printed circuit boards (PCBs). Previous studies have explored hydrometallurgy techniques to extract base metals from PCBs, but effectively recovering these solubilised metals remained a challenge. This research sought to assess metal recovery from PCB waste leachate by utilising hydrogen sulfide generated through a consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in a fluidised bed reactor (FBR). Both lactate and glycerol were examined as potential organic electron donors for the sulfate reduction. With lactate (1 g L−1) as the electron donor, the FBR achieved an average sulfate reduction efficiency of 62%, with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production rate of 250 mg H2S-S L−1 d−1 and H2S-S concentration of 300 mg L−1 in the effluent. When glycerol was the organic electron donor, the average sulfate reduction efficiency was 49%, H2S production rate was 210 mg H2S-S L−1 d−1 and H2S-S concentration was 260 mg L−1. Desulfovibrio, Desulfococcus and Desulfomicrobium were the dominant sulfate reducers in the FBR. The resulting dissolved hydrogen sulfide was employed to recover metals from e-waste leach liquor. Utilising biogenic sulfide and NaOH, a notably high precipitation efficiency (>99%) was attained for aluminum, nickel, copper, and zinc. Additionally, iron, utilised in the e-waste leaching process, was also recovered with an efficiency exceeding 99%. The precipitation of metals occurred within a pH range from 1.5 to 8.5. Overall, this process facilitated the formation of valuable mixed-metal precipitates from waste PCB-derived leachate. These precipitates could undergo further purification or serve as raw material for subsequent processes.

Abstract Image

利用生物硫化氢气体从废弃印刷电路板沥滤液中回收贱金属
电子废物(或称电子垃圾)是全球迅速扩大的废物类别之一。到 2019 年,全球电子垃圾产量已激增至 5360 万吨。由于含有大量金属,电子垃圾具有巨大的经济价值,据估计,2019 年全球电子垃圾的经济价值为 570 亿美元,主要集中在印刷电路板(PCB)中。以往的研究探索了从印刷电路板中提取贱金属的湿法冶金技术,但有效回收这些溶解金属仍是一项挑战。本研究试图利用流化床反应器(FBR)中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)群产生的硫化氢,评估从多氯联苯废物浸出液中回收金属的情况。乳酸盐和甘油都被视为硫酸盐还原的潜在有机电子供体。以乳酸盐(1 g L-1)作为电子供体时,FBR 的平均硫酸盐还原效率为 62%,硫化氢(H2S)产生率为 250 mg H2S-S L-1 d-1,出水中 H2S-S 浓度为 300 mg L-1。当甘油作为有机电子供体时,平均硫酸盐还原效率为 49%,H2S 生成率为 210 mg H2S-S L-1 d-1,H2S-S 浓度为 260 mg L-1。脱硫弧菌、脱硫球菌和脱硫微生物是 FBR 中的主要硫酸盐还原菌。产生的溶解硫化氢被用来从电子废物浸出液中回收金属。利用生物硫化物和 NaOH,铝、镍、铜和锌的沉淀效率显著提高(99%)。此外,电子废物沥滤过程中使用的铁的回收效率也超过了 99%。金属的沉淀发生在 1.5 至 8.5 的 pH 值范围内。总体而言,该工艺有助于从废弃多氯联苯浸出液中形成有价值的混合金属沉淀物。这些沉淀物可进一步提纯或作为后续工艺的原材料。
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来源期刊
Hydrometallurgy
Hydrometallurgy 工程技术-冶金工程
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
6.40%
发文量
144
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: Hydrometallurgy aims to compile studies on novel processes, process design, chemistry, modelling, control, economics and interfaces between unit operations, and to provide a forum for discussions on case histories and operational difficulties. Topics covered include: leaching of metal values by chemical reagents or bacterial action at ambient or elevated pressures and temperatures; separation of solids from leach liquors; removal of impurities and recovery of metal values by precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, gaseous reduction, cementation, electro-winning and electro-refining; pre-treatment of ores by roasting or chemical treatments such as halogenation or reduction; recycling of reagents and treatment of effluents.
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