Factors associated with Glycemia Risk Index in a cohort of patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes In Adults (LADA).

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI:10.1007/s12020-024-03901-5

Sandra Herranz-Antolín, Clara Cotón-Batres, María Covadonga López-Virgos, Verónica Esteban-Monge, Visitación Álvarez-de Frutos, Miguel Torralba

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the degree of control based on classical glucometric parameters and Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) in real-life conditions in a cohort of patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and to assess the factors that are associated with GRI.

Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study. 447 adult patients with type 1 DM and LADA users of Intermittent Continuous Glucose Monitoring (iCGM) with an adherence ≥ 70% were included. GRI was calculated with its Hypoglycemia (CHypo) and Hyperglycemia (CHyper) Components. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with GRI.

Results: Mean age 44.6 years (SD 13.7); 57.7% men; 83.9% type 1 DM; 16.1% LADA; time of evolution 20.6 years (SD 12.3). In patients with type 1 DM vs. LADA, differences were observed in relation to age [-11.1 years (SD 1.7)], age of onset [-21.9 years (DE 1.5)], time of evolution [11.7 years (DE 1.5)], treatment modality (p < 0.001), Time in Range (TIR) [-6.3% (SD 2.2)], Time Below Range (TBR) [1.9% (SD 0.6)], TBR level 1 (TBR1) [1.4% (SD 0.5)], Time Above Range (TAR) level 2 (TAR2) [4.7% (SD 1.3)], Coefficient of Variation (CV) [4.6% (SD 0.9)], GRI [11.3% (SD 2.8)], CHypo [1.3% (SD 0.5)] and CHyper [4.8% (SD 1.7)]. The variables that were independently associated with GRI were TIR (β = -1.34; CI 95% -1.43 to -1.25; p < 0.001), Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) (β = -5.82; CI 95% -7.59 to -4.05; p < 0.001), CV (β = 0.67; CI 95% 0.57 to 0.77; p < 0.001) and adherence to sensor usage (β = -0.16; CI 95% -1.27 to -0.06; p < 0.002).

Conclusions: LADA present better control according to some glucometric parameters and a low GRI. However, the type of DM is not a factor that is independently associated with GRI.

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1 型糖尿病和成人潜伏自身免疫性糖尿病 (LADA) 患者队列中与血糖风险指数相关的因素。

目的分析 1 型糖尿病（DM）和成人潜伏性自身免疫性糖尿病（LADA）患者队列在现实生活中根据经典血糖测量参数和血糖风险指数（GRI）进行控制的程度，并评估与 GRI 相关的因素：横断面研究。共纳入 447 名使用间歇性连续血糖监测（iCGM）且依从性≥ 70% 的 1 型糖尿病和 LADA 成人患者。GRI的计算包括低血糖（CHypo）和高血糖（CHyper）两个部分。进行了多变量线性回归分析，以评估与 GRI 相关的因素：平均年龄 44.6 岁（SD 13.7）；57.7% 为男性；83.9% 为 1 型 DM；16.1% 为 LADA；发病时间 20.6 年（SD 12.3）。在 1 型 DM 与 LADA 患者中，观察到了年龄[-11.1 岁（标清 1.7）]、发病年龄[-21.9 岁（标清 1.5）]、演变时间[11.7 岁（标清 1.5）]、治疗方式（P 结论：1 型 DM 与 LADA 患者在年龄、发病年龄、演变时间、治疗方式等方面存在差异：根据某些血糖测量参数，LADA 患者的血糖控制较好，GRI 较低。然而，DM 的类型并不是与 GRI 独立相关的因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Endocrine ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

5.40%

发文量

295

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： Well-established as a major journal in today’s rapidly advancing experimental and clinical research areas, Endocrine publishes original articles devoted to basic (including molecular, cellular and physiological studies), translational and clinical research in all the different fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Articles will be accepted based on peer-reviews, priority, and editorial decision. Invited reviews, mini-reviews and viewpoints on relevant pathophysiological and clinical topics, as well as Editorials on articles appearing in the Journal, are published. Unsolicited Editorials will be evaluated by the editorial team. Outcomes of scientific meetings, as well as guidelines and position statements, may be submitted. The Journal also considers special feature articles in the field of endocrine genetics and epigenetics, as well as articles devoted to novel methods and techniques in endocrinology. Endocrine covers controversial, clinical endocrine issues. Meta-analyses on endocrine and metabolic topics are also accepted. Descriptions of single clinical cases and/or small patients studies are not published unless of exceptional interest. However, reports of novel imaging studies and endocrine side effects in single patients may be considered. Research letters and letters to the editor related or unrelated to recently published articles can be submitted. Endocrine covers leading topics in endocrinology such as neuroendocrinology, pituitary and hypothalamic peptides, thyroid physiological and clinical aspects, bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis, obesity, lipid and energy metabolism and food intake control, insulin, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, hormones of male and female reproduction, adrenal diseases pediatric and geriatric endocrinology, endocrine hypertension and endocrine oncology.