Reducing Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil Using Diethylene Glycol and Zinc(II) Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvent

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI:10.22146/ijc.85980

Lieli Suriyanti, T. Usman, W. Rahmalia

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Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were prepared by precise combinations of mol fractions of chemical compounds, resulting in a lowered melting point due to hydrogen bonding. This research aimed to elucidate the physicochemical attributes of DES and its effectiveness in mitigating free fatty acid (FFA) levels in crude palm oil (CPO). Zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2) served as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while diethylene glycol (DEG) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Characterization included freezing point, density, viscosity, conductivity, and pH determination. At a ZnCl2 mol fraction of 0.30, the resulting DES exhibited homogeneity with transparent liquid properties, featuring a freezing point below −10 °C, density of 1.42 g/mL, viscosity of 1933.40 cP, conductivity of 66.13 µS/cm, and pH 3.42. FTIR spectra confirmed hydrogen bond interactions between HBA and HBD. Applied to CPO at a 1:1 volumetric ratio (DES:CPO), with 2 h of stirring time at 50 °C, FFA content decreased from 4.11 to 0.86%. This research highlights DES as an environmentally sustainable purification agent, significantly reducing FFA levels in unrefined palm oil.

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使用二乙二醇和氯化锌（II）深共晶溶剂降低粗棕榈油中的游离脂肪酸含量

深共晶溶剂（DES）是通过精确组合化合物的摩尔分数来制备的，其结果是由于氢键作用而降低了熔点。本研究旨在阐明 DES 的物理化学属性及其在降低粗棕榈油（CPO）中游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量方面的有效性。氯化锌（ZnCl2）作为氢键受体（HBA），二甘醇（DEG）作为氢键供体（HBD）。表征包括凝固点、密度、粘度、电导率和 pH 值测定。当 ZnCl2 的摩尔分数为 0.30 时，得到的 DES 具有均匀透明的液体特性，冰点低于 -10 °C，密度为 1.42 g/mL，粘度为 1933.40 cP，电导率为 66.13 µS/cm，pH 值为 3.42。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了 HBA 和 HBD 之间的氢键相互作用。以 1:1 的体积比（DES:CPO）添加到 CPO 中，在 50 °C 下搅拌 2 小时后，FFA 含量从 4.11% 降至 0.86%。这项研究表明，DES 是一种环境可持续的纯化剂，可显著降低未精炼棕榈油中的 FFA 含量。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.