Reducing Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil Using Diethylene Glycol and Zinc(II) Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvent

IF 1 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI:10.22146/ijc.85980

Lieli Suriyanti, T. Usman, W. Rahmalia

{"title":"Reducing Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil Using Diethylene Glycol and Zinc(II) Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvent","authors":"Lieli Suriyanti, T. Usman, W. Rahmalia","doi":"10.22146/ijc.85980","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were prepared by precise combinations of mol fractions of chemical compounds, resulting in a lowered melting point due to hydrogen bonding. This research aimed to elucidate the physicochemical attributes of DES and its effectiveness in mitigating free fatty acid (FFA) levels in crude palm oil (CPO). Zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2) served as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while diethylene glycol (DEG) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Characterization included freezing point, density, viscosity, conductivity, and pH determination. At a ZnCl2 mol fraction of 0.30, the resulting DES exhibited homogeneity with transparent liquid properties, featuring a freezing point below −10 °C, density of 1.42 g/mL, viscosity of 1933.40 cP, conductivity of 66.13 µS/cm, and pH 3.42. FTIR spectra confirmed hydrogen bond interactions between HBA and HBD. Applied to CPO at a 1:1 volumetric ratio (DES:CPO), with 2 h of stirring time at 50 °C, FFA content decreased from 4.11 to 0.86%. This research highlights DES as an environmentally sustainable purification agent, significantly reducing FFA levels in unrefined palm oil.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.85980","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were prepared by precise combinations of mol fractions of chemical compounds, resulting in a lowered melting point due to hydrogen bonding. This research aimed to elucidate the physicochemical attributes of DES and its effectiveness in mitigating free fatty acid (FFA) levels in crude palm oil (CPO). Zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2) served as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while diethylene glycol (DEG) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Characterization included freezing point, density, viscosity, conductivity, and pH determination. At a ZnCl2 mol fraction of 0.30, the resulting DES exhibited homogeneity with transparent liquid properties, featuring a freezing point below −10 °C, density of 1.42 g/mL, viscosity of 1933.40 cP, conductivity of 66.13 µS/cm, and pH 3.42. FTIR spectra confirmed hydrogen bond interactions between HBA and HBD. Applied to CPO at a 1:1 volumetric ratio (DES:CPO), with 2 h of stirring time at 50 °C, FFA content decreased from 4.11 to 0.86%. This research highlights DES as an environmentally sustainable purification agent, significantly reducing FFA levels in unrefined palm oil.

查看原文本刊更多论文

使用二乙二醇和氯化锌（II）深共晶溶剂降低粗棕榈油中的游离脂肪酸含量

深共晶溶剂（DES）是通过精确组合化合物的摩尔分数来制备的，其结果是由于氢键作用而降低了熔点。本研究旨在阐明 DES 的物理化学属性及其在降低粗棕榈油（CPO）中游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量方面的有效性。氯化锌（ZnCl2）作为氢键受体（HBA），二甘醇（DEG）作为氢键供体（HBD）。表征包括凝固点、密度、粘度、电导率和 pH 值测定。当 ZnCl2 的摩尔分数为 0.30 时，得到的 DES 具有均匀透明的液体特性，冰点低于 -10 °C，密度为 1.42 g/mL，粘度为 1933.40 cP，电导率为 66.13 µS/cm，pH 值为 3.42。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了 HBA 和 HBD 之间的氢键相互作用。以 1:1 的体积比（DES:CPO）添加到 CPO 中，在 50 °C 下搅拌 2 小时后，FFA 含量从 4.11% 降至 0.86%。这项研究表明，DES 是一种环境可持续的纯化剂，可显著降低未精炼棕榈油中的 FFA 含量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

2.30

自引率

11.10%

发文量

106

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry, including educational chemistry, applied chemistry, and chemical engineering.