Measurements of low-energy, re-entrant albedo protons by the HEPD-01 space-borne detector

IF 4.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
M. Martucci , A. Oliva , R. Battiston , S. Beolé , P. Cipollone , A. Contin , M. Cristoforetti , C. De Donato , C. De Santis , A. Di Luca , F.M. Follega , G. Gebbia , R. Iuppa , A. Lega , M. Lolli , G. Masciantonio , M. Mese , C. Neubuser , R. Nicolaidis , F. Nozzoli , P. Zuccon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cosmic rays’ interactions with the residual atmosphere surrounding the Earth produce a variety of particles, like electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons, and Helium nuclei that can be observed below the local geomagnetic cutoff. In this work, we present new measurements of downward-going, albedo proton fluxes with kinetic energy in the range 40–250 MeV, performed by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite - CSES-01 - at an altitude of 500 km. Employing a dedicated trajectory-tracing simulation routine, the protons collected by HEPD-01 are classified into quasi-trapped (QT), long lifetime (10 s) particles concentrating in the equatorial region of the Earth, and un-trapped (UT), distributed at all latitudes; the latter includes both precipitating short lifetime particles (UTS) and pseudo-trapped long lifetime (UTL) populations, abundant in the so-called penumbra regions. The temporal trend of re-entrant protons between 2018 and 2022 is also reported, assessing the stability of such population during the data-taking period of HEPD-01; this highlights their independence from the long-term modulating effect of the solar activity.

HEPD-01 号星载探测器对低能再入反照率质子的测量结果
宇宙射线与地球周围的残余大气相互作用产生了各种粒子,如电子、正电子、质子、反质子和氦核,这些粒子可以在当地地磁截止点以下观测到。在这项工作中,我们展示了中国地震电磁卫星--CSES-01---上的高能粒子探测器(HEPD-01)在 500 千米高度上对动能范围在 40~250 兆电子伏之间的下行反照质子通量的新测量结果。利用专门的轨迹跟踪模拟程序,HEPD-01收集到的质子被分为集中在地球赤道地区的长寿命(≳10秒)准捕获粒子(QT)和分布在所有纬度的非捕获粒子(UT);后者包括沉淀的短寿命粒子(UTS)和伪捕获的长寿命粒子(UTL),大量存在于所谓的半影区。还报告了 2018 年至 2022 年间再入质子的时间趋势,评估了 HEPD-01 数据采集期间此类粒子群的稳定性;这突出表明它们不受太阳活动长期调节作用的影响。
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来源期刊
Astroparticle Physics
Astroparticle Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
2.90%
发文量
41
审稿时长
79 days
期刊介绍: Astroparticle Physics publishes experimental and theoretical research papers in the interacting fields of Cosmic Ray Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmology and Particle Physics focusing on new developments in the following areas: High-energy cosmic-ray physics and astrophysics; Particle cosmology; Particle astrophysics; Related astrophysics: supernova, AGN, cosmic abundances, dark matter etc.; Gravitational waves; High-energy, VHE and UHE gamma-ray astronomy; High- and low-energy neutrino astronomy; Instrumentation and detector developments related to the above-mentioned fields.
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