Pregnant women's knowledge and clinical management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in Pará, Brazil.

Jhemily de Nazaré Gonçalves E Silva, Andrya Maia de Souza, Fabiane Monteiro do Rosario, Laine Celestino Pinto
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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women and the clinical management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, as well as to describe the gestational profile, risk factors and socio-epidemiological profile of pregnant women treated at two municipal health units in Belém (Pará, Brazil).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study, which consisted in the application of questionnaires to pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the municipal health units.

Results: A total of 104 pregnant women were evaluated; most were aged between 24 and 29 years old, had high school degrees (38 %), family incomes between 1 and 2 minimum wages (45 %) and blood type O+ (43 %). Regarding the gestational profile, the participants were predominantly in the third trimester of pregnancy (49 %), started prenatal care in the first gestational trimester (81 %) and were primiparous (61 %). Failures in the management of prenatal care were observed, especially with regard to access to information about the disease, since most pregnant women did not receive information about blood incompatibility during prenatal care. This led to limited knowledge about the pathology of the disease evidenced by the fact that most of the correct answers were between Questions 0-4, which were significantly associated with the women's education and income.

Conclusions: Although hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is serious, the pregnant women in this study demonstrated little knowledge about the disease and had inadequate care by health professionals, reinforcing the importance of improving care for women's health and prenatal care.

巴西帕拉州孕妇对胎儿和新生儿溶血病的认识和临床处理。
目的评估孕妇对胎儿和新生儿溶血病的认识和临床处理方法,并描述在贝伦(巴西帕拉州)两家市级医疗机构接受治疗的孕妇的妊娠情况、风险因素和社会流行病学概况:这是一项横断面分析研究,对在市卫生机构接受产前检查的孕妇进行问卷调查:共对 104 名孕妇进行了评估;大多数孕妇的年龄在 24 至 29 岁之间,拥有高中学历(38%),家庭收入在 1 至 2 份最低工资之间(45%),血型为 O+ (43%)。在妊娠情况方面,参与者主要处于妊娠三个月(49%),在妊娠头三个月开始接受产前护理(81%),并且是初产妇(61%)。在产前护理管理中发现了一些不足之处,尤其是在获得疾病相关信息方面,因为大多数孕妇在产前护理期间并未获得有关血液不相容的信息。这导致她们对该疾病的病理知识了解有限,大多数正确答案都在问题 0-4 之间,这与妇女的教育程度和收入有很大关系:虽然胎儿和新生儿溶血病很严重,但本研究中的孕妇对该疾病知之甚少,而且没有得到专业医护人员的适当护理,这就更加凸显了改善妇女健康护理和产前护理的重要性。
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