A late-Ediacaran crown-group sponge animal

IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Nature Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI:10.1038/s41586-024-07520-y
Xiaopeng Wang, Alexander G. Liu, Zhe Chen, Chengxi Wu, Yarong Liu, Bin Wan, Ke Pang, Chuanming Zhou, Xunlai Yuan, Shuhai Xiao
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Abstract

Sponges are the most basal metazoan phylum1 and may have played important roles in modulating the redox architecture of Neoproterozoic oceans2. Although molecular clocks predict that sponges diverged in the Neoproterozoic era3,4, their fossils have not been unequivocally demonstrated before the Cambrian period5–8, possibly because Precambrian sponges were aspiculate and non-biomineralized9. Here we describe a late-Ediacaran fossil, Helicolocellus cantori gen. et sp. nov., from the Dengying Formation (around 551–539 million years ago) of South China. This fossil is reconstructed as a large, stemmed benthic organism with a goblet-shaped body more than 0.4 m in height, with a body wall consisting of at least three orders of nested grids defined by quadrate fields, resembling a Cantor dust fractal pattern. The resulting lattice is interpreted as an organic skeleton comprising orthogonally arranged cruciform elements, architecturally similar to some hexactinellid sponges, although the latter are built with biomineralized spicules. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis resolves H. cantori as a crown-group sponge related to the Hexactinellida. H. cantori confirms that sponges diverged and existed in the Precambrian as non-biomineralizing animals with an organic skeleton. Considering that siliceous biomineralization may have evolved independently among sponge classes10–13, we question the validity of biomineralized spicules as a necessary criterion for the identification of Precambrian sponge fossils. Cross-hatch impressions from Ediacaran rocks in China are interpreted as having been left by a crown-group sponge fossil, Helicolocellus cantori gen. et sp. nov., characterized by an organic latticework skeleton.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

一种晚始新世冠状群海绵动物。
海绵是最底层的元古界动物1 ,可能在调节新近纪海洋的氧化还原结构方面发挥了重要作用2。尽管分子钟预测海绵是在新近纪分化的3,4 ,但它们的化石在寒武纪之前还没有明确的证据5-8 ,这可能是因为前寒武纪的海绵是无刺、非生物矿化的9。在这里,我们描述了华南地区登瀛组(约 5.51-5.39 亿年前)的晚始新世化石 Helicolocellus cantori gen.该化石被重建为一种大型茎基底栖生物,身体呈高脚杯状,高度超过0.4米,体壁由至少三阶嵌套网格组成,网格由四边形场定义,类似于康托尔尘埃分形图案。由此产生的网格被解释为一种有机骨架,由正交排列的十字形元素组成,在结构上与一些六棘皮类海绵相似,尽管后者是用生物矿化的棘刺构建的。通过贝叶斯系统发生学分析,坎托里海绵被认为是与六鞭毛目(Hexactinellida)有关的冠群海绵。H.cantori证实了海绵在前寒武纪是作为具有有机骨架的非生物矿化动物而分化和存在的。考虑到硅质生物矿化可能在海绵类之间独立演化10-13,我们质疑生物矿化的海绵体作为鉴定前寒武纪海绵化石的必要标准的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nature
Nature 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
CiteScore
90.00
自引率
1.20%
发文量
3652
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Nature is a prestigious international journal that publishes peer-reviewed research in various scientific and technological fields. The selection of articles is based on criteria such as originality, importance, interdisciplinary relevance, timeliness, accessibility, elegance, and surprising conclusions. In addition to showcasing significant scientific advances, Nature delivers rapid, authoritative, insightful news, and interpretation of current and upcoming trends impacting science, scientists, and the broader public. The journal serves a dual purpose: firstly, to promptly share noteworthy scientific advances and foster discussions among scientists, and secondly, to ensure the swift dissemination of scientific results globally, emphasizing their significance for knowledge, culture, and daily life.
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